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206 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Weekly weight gain for the 1st 6 months of life...
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5-7 oz
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By 6 months the birth weight is..
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doubled
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By 12 months the birth weight is..
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tripled
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Height increases by how many inches and cm the first 6 months of life..
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Increases by 1 in / 2.5 cm
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At 1 year, height is increased by what %
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50%
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Head circumference increases ___/month from birth - 3 mos
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2 cm (0.75 in)/mos
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Head circumference increases ___/month from 4-6 mos
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1 cm (0.4 in)/mos
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Head circumference increases ___/month from 6-12 mos
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0.5 cm (0.2 in)/mos
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Average head circumference at 6 mos is...
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17 in / 43 cm
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Average head circumference at 12 mos is...
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18 in / 46 cm
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1 inches = ___ cm
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2.5 cm
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Posterior fontanel fuses/ossifies when?
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6-8 weeks
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Anterior fontanel fuses/ossifies when?
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12-18 months
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Posterior fontanel is made up of which sutures?
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Sagital and lamboid sutures
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Anterior fontanel is made up of which sutures?
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Coronal, frontal and sagital sutures
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When are chest and head circumference equal?
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1 year
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Labyrinth righting appears at __ and is strongest at __
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appears at 2 mos, strongest at 10 mos
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Neck righting (fencing) appears at __ and lasts until __
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appears at 3 mos and lasts until 24-36 mos
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Landau reflex appears at ___ and lasts until
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apears at 6-8 mos and lasts until 12-24 mos
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Parachute reflex appears at ___ and lasts...
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appears at 7-9 mos, and lasts indefinitely
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Binocularity beings by __ and is well established by __
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begins by 6 weeks, and is well established by 4 months
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Depth perception (stereopsis) begins to develop by ___
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7-9 months
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Infant shows interest in a picture of a face with eyes by __
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6 weeks
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Infant can follow light to midline of body at __
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1 month
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Visual acuity at 1 month is __
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20/100
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Infant can recognize a bottle at __
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3 months
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Responds to facial expressions at __
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6 months
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Recognizes parents at __
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6 months
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Able to distinguish familiar faces and strangers by __
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6 months
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Stranger anxiety begins at __
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6 months
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At 6 months, infant respiration rate is _____ and _____ stable
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RR is slow and relatively stable
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At 6 months infants respirations are accomplished with ____ muscles
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abdominal
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Short, straight eustachian tube makes infant more prone to ____
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ear infections
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At 6 months infant has ___ HR
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slow
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At 6 month infant has a sinus arrhythmia...which means the heart rate ____ on expirations and ____ on inspirations
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increases on expirations and decreases on inspirations
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During the 1st 2 months, systolic BP (SBP) ____
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increase
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During the 1st 3 months, diastolic BP (DBP) ___
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deacrease
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Fetal hemogolobin (HgbF) is present during which months
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first 5 months
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Phsysiologic anemia is common in the first ____ months
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2-3 months
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Infant can tolerate 3 meals, 1 evening bottle and 2-3 bowels/ day when?
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1 year
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Start to introduce table foods when?
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6 months
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Deglutition means...
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swallowing
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How do you initiate Santmyer Swallow reflex?
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Gently but abruptly blow a puff of air into infants fact to initiate a spontaneous swallw
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Nutritive sucking is...
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purposeful for food intake
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Nonnutritive sucking is..
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purposeful for the infants urge to suckle
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teeth eruption begins at ___
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5 months
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First 2 teeth to erupt are...
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2 lower central incisors
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Vernix caseosa:
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white substance that covers infants skin, helps with immunity and to protect skin intergrity
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Endocrine system is _______ at birth but its functions are _____
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developed at birth but function are immature
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Prehension grasps is seen at ____
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2-3 months...use of hands and fingers to grasp an object
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Hand is predominately closed at ___
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1 month
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Hand is loosely open at ___
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3 months
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At ___ months infant grasps object more with eyes than w/ hands
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3 months
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Holds rattle at ___ months
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3 months
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Pulls at blankets and clothing at ___
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3 months
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Hand-eye coordination begins at ___
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3 months
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Regards both a small pellet & the hands then looks from object to hands and back again at ___
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4 months
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Inspects and plays with hands, pulls blanket over face in play at __
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4 months
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Can carry object to mouth at ___
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4 months
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Tries to reach for object but overshoots at ___
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4 months
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Uses Palmar grasp at __
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5 months
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Grasps object voluntarily at ___
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5 months
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Plays with toes at ___
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5 months
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Takes objects to mouth at ___
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5 months
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Holds one cube while regarding a 2nd one at ___
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5 months
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Increase manipulative skills at ___
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6 months
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Holds bottle at ___
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6 months
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Grasps feet and pulls to mouth at ___
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6 months
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Can feed themselves a cracker at ___
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6 months
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Resecures a dropped object at ___
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6 months
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Drops one cube when given another at ___
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6 months
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Transfers objects from one hand to another at ___
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7 months
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Use 1 hand for grasping (unidextrous approach) at ___
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7 months
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Holds a cube in each hand at same time at ___
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7 months
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Enjoys banging objects at ___
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7 months
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Explores movable parts of a toy at ___
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7 months
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Rakes at small objects at ___
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7 months
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Beginning of Pincer Grasp (using index finger, 4th and 5th finger) at ___
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8 months
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releases object at own will at ___
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8 months
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Rings bell purposely at ___
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8 months
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Retains 2 cubes while regarding 3rd cube at ___
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8 months
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Secures an object by pulling on a string at ___
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8 months
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Reaches persistently for toys out of reach at ___
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8 months
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Has "crude" (raw) pincer grasp (((not perfected))) at ___
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9 months
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Preference for dominant hand at ___
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9 months
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Grasps 3rd cube at ___
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9 months
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Compares 2 cubes by bringing them together at ___
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9 months
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Deliberatey release and object & will offer it to someone else at ___
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10 months
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Grasps bell by the handle at ___
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10 months
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Well established pincer grasp at ___
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10 months
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Ability to pick up a raisin or other finger foods at ___
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10 months
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Perfected pincer grasp at ___
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11 months
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Puts objects into container and like to remove them at ___
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11 months
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Explores objects more thoroughly at ___
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11 months
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Drops objects deliberately so they can be picked up at ___
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11 months
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Sequential play (one object, after another, after another into container) at ___
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11 months
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Can turn pages in a book many times at ___
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12 months
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Release cube in cup at ___
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12 months
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Attempts to build a tower of 2 blocks but fails at ___
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12 months
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Tries to insert a pellet into a narrow-necked bottle but fails at ___
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12 months
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Asymmetric tonic neck reflex (birth - ____) which prevents infant from rolling over
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3 months
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Symmetric tonic neck reflex: 3 months...helps infant into ____ position
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crawling
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Can momentarily hold head in midline and parallel when suspended ventrally and can lift head from bed and turn head from side to side when prone at ___
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1 month
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COMPLETE head lag at ___
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1 month
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Less or partial head lag when pulled to siting at ___
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2 months
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When held in sitting position, head is help up but bobs forward at ___
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2 months
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Prone position, can lift head 45 degrees of table at ___
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2 months
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Can maintain head in same plane as rest of body when held in ventral suspension at ___
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2 months`
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ALMOST no head lag at ___
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4 months
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Balances head well in siting position at ___
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4 months
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Able to raise head and chest off surface to angle of 90 degree bear wt. on forearms at ___
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4 months
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NO HEAD LAG when pulled to sitting position at ___
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5 months
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Head control very well established by ___
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6 months
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Lifts head when about to be pulled to sitting position at ___
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6 months
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Lifts head, chest and upper and and bears weight on hands at ___
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6 months
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In supine position, spontaneously lifts head off table at ___
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7 months
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Rolls from back to side ((supine to side)) at __
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4 months
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Turns from abdomen to back ((prone position to supine position)) at __
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5 months
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Rolls from back to abdomen ((supine position to prone position)) at ___
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6 months
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Back is uniformly rounded while sitting at ___
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1-3 months
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Convex lumbar curve appears when sitting at ___
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4 months
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Able to sit or long periods of time when back is well supported and straight at ___
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5 months
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Sits in high chair with back straight at ___
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6 months
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Can sit alone, leaning forward on hands at ___
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7 months
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Sits steadily unsupported at ___
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7 months
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Can go from prone to sitting at ___
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10 months
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Bears weight on forearms at ___
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4 months
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When held in standing position, can bear almost all of wt. at ___
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6 months
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When prone, bears wt. on one hand at ___
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7 months
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Bears full weight on feet w/ assistance at ___
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7 months
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Moving forward on with belly on floor is known as?
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Crawling
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Moving forward with belly OFF floor is known as?
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Creeping
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Begins to crawl at ___
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8 months
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By ___ months crawling turns into creeping
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9 months
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Pulls self to standing position while holding onto furniture at ___
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9 months
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Stands while holding onto furniture, sits by falling down at ___
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10 months
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Cruises or walks holding on to furniture or with both hands held at ___
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11 months
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Walks while holding onto furniture or with both hands held at ___
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11 months
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Cruises well at ___
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12 months
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Walks w/ one hand held at ___
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12 months
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May attempt to stand alone momentarily, may attempt FIRST step ALONE at ___
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12 months
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By ___ months recognizes they are separate from their parents
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12 months
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Smiles in a mirror aat ___
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5 months
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LOVES smiling in mirror at ___
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9 months
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Solitary play means?
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Playing side by side, but not with other children
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Separation anxiety begins at ___
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4-8 months
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at ___ months STRONG anxiety about mother leaving..
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8 months
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At ____ infant is able to predict when mother is getting ready to leave..
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11-12 months
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BEGINS to fear strangers at ___
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6 months
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Strong fear of strangers and fear of the dark and bed at ___
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8 months
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Defention: "excessive self-centered and immature behavior, resulting from the failure of parents to enforce consistent, age-appropriate limits" ???
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Spoiled Child Syndrome
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Infant develops nocturnal pattern of sleep at ____ and sleeps for ____ hours
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3-4 months; 9-11 hours
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1st means of verbal communication is...
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crying
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Crying infant: can be source of great distress for parents; explain that __________ is normal
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"unexplained fussiness"
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Infant makes small, throaty sounds; comfort sounds while feeding at ___
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1 month
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Infant squeals to pleasure; coos, babbles, chuckles, vocalizes when smiling; talks a great deal when spoken to at ___
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3 months
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Makes consonant sounds: n, k, g, p, b at ___
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4 months
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Laughs aloud, gugles, more cooing at ___
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4 months
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Starts to imitate sounds; babbling resembles 1 word syllable words: ma, mu, da, di, hi at ___
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6 months
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Produces vowel sounds and chained syllables: baba, dada, kaka and talks when others are talking at ___
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8 months
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Comprehends NO-NO at ___
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9 months
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Says dada, mama with meaning at ___
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9 months
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Says 3-5 words besides dada, mama at ___
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12 months
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Comprehends several words at ___
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10 months
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Recognizes objects by name at ___
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12 months
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One words may be said such as hi, bye, no at ___
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12 months
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Imitates animal sounds at ___
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12 months
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Understands simple commands such as "give it to me" at ___
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12 months
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Watches parents face intently at ___
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1 month
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Social smile at ___
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2 motnhs
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Recognizes familiar faces, objects (bottle) at ___
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3 months
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Enjoys social interaction, bored if left alone, begging to show memory, fusses to demand attention at ___
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4 months
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Smiles at image in mirror at ___
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5 months
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Personable; laughs when head hidden in towel at ___
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6 months
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Plays peek a boo at ___
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7 months
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Displays oral aggressive behavior at ___
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7 months
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Starts showing fear of going to bed or being left alone at ___
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9 months
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Dislikes dressing, diaper change at ___
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8 months
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Puts arms in front of face to avoid being washed at ___
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9 months
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Waves bye-bye at ___
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10 months
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Plays "pat a cake", pulls clothes of other for attention at ___
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10 months
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Object permanence fully developed at ___
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10 months
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shakes head no-no at ___
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11 months
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Shows emotions; especially in fearful situations; clings to parents/security blanket (or transitional object) at ___
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12 months
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1st primary (deciduous) teeth to erupt are the __________
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lower central incisors
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For 1-6 months, ______ milk is most desirable
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HUMAN milk (colosutrum)
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All infants receive daily supplement of 400 I.U. of _________ in first few days of life to prevent ______ and ________ deficiency
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400 I.U. of Vitamin D in first few days of life to prevent rickets and vitamin D deficiency
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Stool is yellow, golden, pasty consistency, odor similar to sour milk if infant is _______ fed
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Breast-fed
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Stool is pale, yellow to light brown, firmer, more offensive odor if infant is ______ fed
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Formula def
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1st stool of newborn infant that occurs within 24 hours of birth is called?
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Meconium
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Vitamin D supplementation until infant is consuming 1L/day or 1 qt/day of _________________
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of Vitamin D-fortified formula
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Non-breast fed taking < 1 L/day of Vit. D fortified formula need to take: __________daily
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Vitamin D supplement
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If still breasfeeding after 4-6 months, ____ supplementation needed ((_____________ is recommended))
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Fe (Iron).....Fe fortified cereal is recommended
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Acceptable alternative to breast feeding for 1-6 months is _____________
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commerical Fe-fortified formula ((supplies all nutrients needed for first 6 months of life))
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For first 6 months of life, cow's milk, skim milk and other animal milk, imitation drinks are _________
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NOT ACCEPTABLE
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Flouride supplementation is not required for breast fed children in first 6 months of life b/c of risk of _______
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Fluorosis ..... ((may be necessary if he breast-feeding mother's H2O supply doesn't have the required amt. of fluoridation))
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____ causes botulism.
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Honey
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Avoid Honey ________ months
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1st 12 months of life
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Add solid foods to diet, one at a time at ___
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6 months
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Best first food to introduce is _____________
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Fe-fortified infant cereal (( low allergy potential and easy to digest))
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After 6 months, _______ can be mixed with rice cereal
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Fruit juice....((vit. c enfances iron in cereal))
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Introduce ONE food every _______
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5-7 days
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Good foods to introduce after cereal........
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Strained, pureed, mashed finely followed by vegetables and finally meats
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At _____ months introduce crackers or other finger and teething foods.
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6 months
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Serve well-cooked HEALTHY table foods at ___
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1 year
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DO NOT ADD SOLID FOODS to diet before _____ months
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4-6 months
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