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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What does DNA stand for? |
Deoxyribonucleic Acid |
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What does RNA stand for? |
Ribonucleic Acid |
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Where is DNA stored? |
Nucleus |
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A _____ is a segment of a DNA molecule that carries genetic information for a specific protein |
Gene |
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What are the two names of heterocyclic compounds of nucleic acids that are the nitrogen bases of nucleic acids? Which bases go with which compound? |
Purine and Pyramidine. |
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A ___________ is a nitrogenous base and a pentose sugar. A ___________ is nitrogen + sugar + phosphate. |
nucleoside, nucleotide |
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What is the base pairing rule for DNA and RNA? What are the full names of each of the bases? DNA: _ & _ , _ & _ RNA: _ & _, _ & _ A = ___, T = ____, G = ____, C = ____, U = ____ |
A, T, G, C A, U, G, C Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil |
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mRNA is _______ RNA. It is the copy of a gene and carries information in the form of _______. |
messenger, codons |
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A _______ is a group of 3 bases that represent a specific amino acid |
codon |
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What is tRNA? |
transfer RNA |
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rRNA is __________RNA which is the site of ____. |
ribosomal, protein synthesis |
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DNA has a _______ structure, created with __ strands that run in anti-parallel directions. One strand runs in _____ direction, and the other 3' to 5' direction. It is composed of a nitrogen base and a 3'-5' ______ bond between ___(sugar) and phosphate. |
double helix, two, 5' to 3', phosphodiester, deoxyribose |
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The structure of RNA is a ____ strand. RNA is composed of a ______ base, and a 3'-5' _________ bond between _____ (sugar) and _____. |
single, nitrogen, phosphodiester, ribose, phosphate. |
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What would be the complementary strand to this strand of DNA? 5' A-T-G-G-C-G-T-A-C-G 3' |
3' T-A-C-C-G-C-A-T-G-C 5' |
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What would be the mRNA complementary strand to the following DNA pair: 5' A-T-G-G-C-G-T-A-C-G 3' 3' T-A-C-C-G-C-A-T-G-C 5' |
5' A-U-G-G-C-G-U-A-C-G 3' |
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Which enzyme unwinds a double strand of DNA during DNA replication, creates a replication fork and uses ATP hydrolysis? |
DNA helicase |
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During DNA replication, which enzyme copies the leading DNA strand in a 5' to 3' direction? |
DNA polymerase |
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During DNA replication, the lagging strand is created in small fragments called ______? |
Okazaki fragments |
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Which enzyme joins Okazaki fragments of the lagging strand in DNA replication? |
DNA ligase |
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What is the name of the process whereby DNA is copied to create mRNA? |
Transcription |
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What is the name of the process where mRNA initiates the process of protein synthesis? |
Translation |
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Which form of RNA has a clover leaf shape and transports specific amino acids to the ribosome? |
tRNA |
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What are the names of the two Purine bases? |
Adenine, Guanine |
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What are the names of the three Pyramidine bases? |
Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil |
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The enzyme which binds to the "start" site and causes local unwinding during transcription. |
RNA Polymerase |
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_____ is the process whereby introns are removed and exons are joined together to create mature mRNA after transcription |
Splicing |
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AUG signals a ____ codon |
start |
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UAA, UAG or UGA signal a ______ sequence, or stop codon. |
termination |
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The initiation step in transcription involves a ____ subunit of a ribosome binding to ____. tRNA with Met attaches to mRNA ____ codon (AUG) with a large ribosomal subunit to form a complete ______ . The complete ribosome has an _ site and a _ site. |
small, mRNA, start, ribosome, A, P |
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"A" site is the binding site for ________ tRNA. "P" site is the binding site for _______. |
Aminoacyl, Peptidyl |
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During the elongation process of translation, a ____ bond is formed by (enzyme) ______. |
Peptide, peptidyl transferase |
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During post-translational modification, newly synthesised protein is modified in two ways 1. _______ modification 2. Limited ________ |
Covalent, proteolysis |
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Which part of the cell does transcription occur? |
Nucleus |
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Which part of the cell does translation occur? |
Cytoplasm |