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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
1. On what bone are the superior and middle nasal conchae?
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a. Ethmoid
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2. What bone forms the inferior nasal conchae?
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a. It is its own bone
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i. What nerve innervates the mucosa of the frontal sinus?
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1. Supraorbital nerve from CNV1
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i. Where are the ethmoidal air cells located?
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1. On either side of the ethmoidal labyrinth between the orbit and nasal cavity
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iii. What nerve innervates the ethmoidal air cells?
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1. Ethmoidal branches of nasociliary nerve from CNV1
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ii. What nerve innervates the mucosa of the maxillary sinuses?
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1. Posterior superior alveolar and infraorbital nerves (CNV2)
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iii. What nerve innervates the mucosa of the sphenoidal sinus?
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1. Posterior ethmoidal nerve from CNV1
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b. Where does the nasolacrimal duct open?
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i. Near the anterior portion of the inferior meatus
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d. What is the ethmoidal bulla?
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i. An elevation containing the middle ethmoidal air cells
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e. What is the semilunar hiatus?
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i. Deep groove located anteroinferior to the ethmoid bulla
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f. Where do the anterior ethmoidal air cells open?
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i. Anterior part of the semilunar hiatus
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g. Where does the maxillary sinus open into the seminlunar hiatus?
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i. Below the center of the ethmoidal bulla
ii. --Opening is high, leading to poor drainage of maxillary sinuses |
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h. What is the function of the frontonasal duct?
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i. Drain the frontal sinus
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i. Where does the frontonasal duct open into the semilunar hiatus?
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i. Anterior part of seminlunar hiatus→ ethmoidal infundibulum
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j. Where is the superior meatus located?
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i. Between superior and middle conchae
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k. Where do posterior ethmoidal air cells open?
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i. Superior meatus
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l. When structure allows for communication between the pterygopalatine fossa and nasal cavity?
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i. Sphenopalatine foramen
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m. What structures pass thorugh the sphenopalatine foramen?
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i. Sphenopalatine branch of maxillary artery
ii. Nasopalatine branch of maxillary nerve iii. Posterior superior lateral nasal branch of maxillary nerve |
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n. Where is the sphenoethmoidal recess located?
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i. Between the superior concha and the roof of the nasal cavity
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o. Where does the sphenoid sinus open?
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i. Sphenoethmoidal recess
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i. What does the sphenopalatine artery branch off?
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1. Terminal branch of maxillary artery
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ii. What is the largest vessel supplying the nasal cavity?
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1. Sphenopalatine artery
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iii. How does the sphenopalatine artery enter the nasal cavity? What is its subsequent course?
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1. Through the spheoplatine formaen
2. Branches over lateral and medial wall |
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iv. What are the branches of the sphenopalatine artery that supply the nasal cavity?
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1. Posterior lateral nasal branches
2. Posterior septal branches |
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vii. Where does the greater palatine artery originate?
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1. Maxillary artery
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viii. What does the greater palatine artery supply?
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1. Hard palate
2. Small portion of anterior septum and floor |
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ix. What is the course of the greater palatine artery?
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1. After supplying hard palate, course superiorly though incisive canal
2. Supplies small portion of anterior septum and floor |
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i. Where do the anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries originate? What is their course?
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1. In the orbit from ophthalmic artery
2. The pass through openings in the medial orbit |
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ii. What do the anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries supply?
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1. Ethmoidal air cells
2. Medial and lateral nasal walls 3. Posterior, superior roof of nasal cavity |
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iii. What are the complications of a hemorrhage in the anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries?
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1. Bleeding is difficult to stop
2. Blood can flow down pharynx and collect in stomach 3. Hypovolemia is earliest symptom |
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i. What arteries anastomose in the anterior portion of the septal wall?
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1. Greater palatine
2. Sphenopalatine 3. Superior labial 4. Anterior ethmoidal arteries |
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ii. In what area is the extensive anastomosis supplying the nasal cavity?
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1. Kiesselbach’s area
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iii. What bleeding disorder is often associated with Kiesselbach’s area?
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1. Nosebleeds (epistaxis)
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iv. What is the most common source of posterior nose bleeds?
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1. Sphenopalatine artery
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i. What structure drains the nasal cavity?
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1. Pterygoid venous plexus
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ii. What structure drains the anterior nasal cavity?
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1. Facial vein
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iii. What structure drains the anterior and posterior ethmoidal veins? Where does it subsequently drain?
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1. Superior ophthalmic vein
2. Cavernous sinus |
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1. Where do the anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves originate?
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a. Nasociliary nerve
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2. What do the anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves innervate?
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a. Ethmoidal air cells
b. Medial and lateral walls of anterior nasal cavity |
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3. Through what structure do the anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves pass in order to innervate the medial and lateral walls of the anterior nasal cavity?
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a. Cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
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4. Where does the external nasal nerve originate?
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a. Anterior ethmoidal nerve
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1. What is the common ganglion of origin for branches of the maxillary nerve?
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a. Pterygopalatine ganglion
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2. Through what structure do branches of the maxillary nerve pass in order to supply the nasal cavity?
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a. Sphenopalatine foramen
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3. What do the posterior and superior lateral nasal nerves innervate?
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a. Superior and inferior part of lateral nasal wall, respectively
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4. What does the nasopalatine nerve receive? Through what opening does it pass?
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a. Sensation from posterior and inferior septal wall
b. Then courses through incisive canal to the roof of the oral cavity |
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i. What nerve provides parasympathetic innervation to the nasal cavity?
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1. Greater petrosal nerve
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ii. What type of fibers does the greater petrosal nerve carry? With what ganglion does it subsequently synapse?
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1. Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers
2. Pterygopalatine ganglion |
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i. What nerve provides sympathetic innervation to the nasal cavity?
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1. Deep petrosal nerve
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ii. With what ganglion does the deep petrosal nerve synapse? What ganglion does it pass through?
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1. Superior cervical ganglion
2. Pterygopalatine ganglion |
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i. How does the pterygopalatine fossa communicate with the middle cranial fossa?
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1. Foramen rotundum
2. Pterygoid canal |
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ii. How does the pterygopalatine fossa communicate with the nasopharynx?
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1. Palatovaginal canal
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iii. How does the pterygopalatine fossa communicate with the roof of the oral cavity?
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1. Palatine canal
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iv. How does the pterygopalatine fossa communicate with the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?
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1. Sphenopalatine foramen
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v. How does the pterygopalatine fossa communicate with the infratemporal fossa?
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1. Pterygomaxillary fissure
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vi. How does the pterygopalatine fossa communicate with the orbit?
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1. Inferior orbital fissure
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1. What is the main blood vessel found coursing through the pterygopalatine fossa?
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a. Third part of the maxillary artery
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2. How does the maxillary artery enter the pterygopalatine fossa?
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a. Pterygomaxillary fissure
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3. Where is the third part of the maxillary artery located?
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a. Anterior to the lateral pterygoid muscle
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a. What structure does the posterior superior alveolar artery accompany?
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i. Posterior superior alveolar nerve
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b. Where is the posterior superior alveolar artery located?
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i. Infratemporal surface of the maxilla
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c. What does the posterior superior alveolar artery supply?
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i. Molar and premolar teeth
ii. Maxillary gums iii. Maxillary sinus |
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d. How does the infraorbital artery leave the pterygopalatine fossa?
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i. Inferior orbital fissure
ii. Infraorbital groove and canal iii. Infraorbital foramen |
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e. What does the infraorbital artery supply?
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i. Inferior orbit contents
ii. Face in area of infraorbital foramen |
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f. Where does the anterior superior alveolar artery originate?
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i. Infraorbital artery
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g. What does the anterior superior alveolar artery supply?
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i. Incisor and canine teeth
ii. Part of maxillary sinus |
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h. Through what space does the descending palatine artery course? What are its branches after exiting?
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i. Palatine canal
ii. Anterior and posterior branches |
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i. When does the descending palatine artery become the greater palatine artery?
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i. After passing through the palatine foramen
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j. What does the greater palatine artery supply?
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i. Hard palate
ii. Through incisive canal to supply anterior aspect of nasal septum |
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k. With what does the greater palatine artery anastomose in order to supply the nasal septum?
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i. Septal branches of sphenopalatine artery
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l. Where does the lesser palatine artery originate?
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i. Greater palatine artery
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m. What does the lesser palatine artery supply? Through what foramen?
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i. Posterior soft palate
ii. Lesser palatine foramen |
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n. What does the artery of the pterygoid canal supply? Through what space?
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i. Through pterygoid canal
ii. Supplies nasopharynx iii. Auditory tube iv. Sphenoidal sinus v. Tympanic cavity |
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o. What does the pharyngeal branch of the maxillary artery supply? Through what space?
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i. Palatovaginal canal
ii. Supplies part of auditory tube iii. Nasopharynx iv. Sphenoid sinus |
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p. Where does the sphenopalatine artery originate?
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i. Maxillary artery→ terminal branch
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q. How does the sphenopalatine artery arrive at the posterior part of nasal cavity?
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i. Through sphenopalatine foramen
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1. Where are the neuron cell bodies for the maxillary nerve?
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a. Trigeminal ganglion
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2. How do the fibers of the maxillary nerve exit the middle cranial fossa?
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a. Foramen rotundum
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a. How does the zygomatic nerve enter the orbit?
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i. Inferior orbital fissure
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b. What are the branches of the zygomatic nerve?
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i. Zygomaticotemporal
ii. Zygomaticofacial |
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c. What does the zygomaticotemporal branch supply?
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i. Skin over the temple
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d. What does the zygomaticofacial branch supply?
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i. Skin over the area lateral to the eye
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e. What does the posterior superior alveolar nerve innervate?
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i. Molar maxillary teeth and adjacent gums
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f. What is the function of the pterygopalatine ganglionic branches?
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i. Two small branches from maxillary nerve to pterygopalatine ganglion
ii. Suspend ganglion from the inferior surface of maxillary nerve |
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a. What is the anterior continuation of the maxillary nerve?
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i. Infraorbital nerve
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b. What is the course of the infraorbital nerve?
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i. Through inferior orbital fissure, infraorbital groove and canal
ii. Gives off middle and anterior superior alveolar nerves |
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c. What does the infraorbital nerve supply?
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i. Upper lip
ii. Lower eyelid iii. Lateral nose |
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d. What do the middle and anterior superior alveolar nerves upply?
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i. Upper teeth
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e. Where do the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers in the greater petrosal nerve originate?
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i. Facial nerve
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