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35 Cards in this Set
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Greek for measure. the process of determining what does and does not belong as Scripture. "measuring stick." divinely inspired and authoritative. collection of books
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canon
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a contract of sorts made between two or more parties. formal, solemn binding agreement. contract.
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covenant
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language spoken by Jews in the lands of Israel and Judea in the time of Jesus. mother tongue of most Jews. most Scripture was read in Hebrew with a paraphrase in this language.
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Aramaic
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literally "hidden books." extra-biblical text that was used by a portion of the early church but is not included as canonical text. intertestamental books; 15 books. literary styles: historical, legendary, didactic, apocalyptic.
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Apocrypha
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the ending of the world, shown in ___________ writings such as Revelation. literary genre with a message of hope and encouragement; reveals the future, message that God destroys evil and raises the righteous.
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apocalypse
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teachings or writings of the apostles, those who had a personal, face-to-face relationship with Jesus on earth. authoritative.
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apostolic
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"one sent out"
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apostle
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made decision about what could be canonized
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"Council" of Jamnia
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"gathering" or "assembly." buildings that held the religious cerimonies for the Jews. began during the Bablonian exile when the temple was destroyed. minimum of 10 men needed to form one; no need for a resident Rabbi or priest.
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synagogues
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method of passing down stories and histories through word of mouth.
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oral transmission
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bishop. antisematic. tried to purge Scripture of Jewish references. left out Matthew, Mark, and John in his canon.
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Marcion
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antisemetic. no Jewish references. did include Paul's writings.
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Marcion's Canon
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had 20 of the 27 books of the current New Testament canon around 170 AD. most important document for the canonization process.
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Muratorian Canon
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paralleled Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. lined them up in order to compare them. this was the first Gospel synopsis.
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Diatessaron by Tatian
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bishop. used the 4 gospels in the present-day canon. bishop of Lyons and first Catholic theologian. champion against Gnostic heresy and mediatory link between Eastern and Western civilizations. first to use the full NT. showed the unity of the OT and NT. around 150-180 AD.
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Ireanaeus
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his writings dealt with church polity and doctrine; he was an early church father. parables and visions.
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Shepherd of Hermas
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it mostly dealt with doctrine issues (but also church polity); appeared in some early church canon lists. written around AD 125. it is concerned with the interpretation of the OT.
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Epistle of Barnabas
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AD 254. had all but Revelation and Hebrews? listed books acknowledged by all Christians: 4 gospels, 14 Pauline letters, Acts, 1 Peter, 1 John, Revelation (22 total). Later accepted James, 2 and 3 John, Jude, and 2 Peter (now 27)
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Origen
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AD 325. had most of the NT listed. earliest church historian since Luke. very careful. virtually rewrites Acts and adds to it. divided NT books into 3 classes. 22 total books plus 5 widely accepted ones. credited with today's canon.
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Eusebius
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AD 367. bishop, wrote the Festal Letter telling when Easter would be celebrated. (vernal equanox). his canon lists all 27 books of our canon plus a few others. he was the first to do so?!?
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Athanasius
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AD 397-419. Along with the Synod of Hippo, it closed the NT canon.
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Council of Carthage.
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Synod or convention.
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council
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not in NT. early Christian writings; show how beliefs form.
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Apocryphal
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writings named for someone who most likely didn't write them. 200 BC - 200 AD.
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pseudepigraphical writings
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early childhood of Jesus. 114 sayings of Jesus. gives infancy accounts and miracle accounts. oldest apocryphal gospel. it was not actually written by ______, so it was rejected.
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Gospel of Thomas
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holds lots of gnostic writings.
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Nag Hammadi
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Greek written with Egyptian hieroglyphics.
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Coptic
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pre-gospel. either 100-150 AD or 130-150 AD. tells about Mary's immaculate conception and the test of bitter water, etc.
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Protevengelium of James
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"good news." account of Christ's life focusing on the death, burial, and resurrection of Jesus. theological biographies.
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gospel
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gospel or good news
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euangelion
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first 3 NT books.
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Synoptic
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letter
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epistle
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common Greek (after classical). written and used only in the 1st century AD. used in marketplaces.
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koine
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religious discourse or sermon
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homilies
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fundamental antithesis between the material and spiritual world. only revealed "to a few."
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Gnosticism
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