Neuroscience

Front 1

Apraxia of Speech

Back 1

Neurological disorder caused by the loss of ability to execute (carryout) learned (familiar) movements despite desire and physical ability.

Hint 1

The root of Apraxia is praxis which is Greek for an act, work or deed.

Front 2

Which areas in the frontal lobe have been suggested as the motor speech programmer?

Back 2

Left Frontal lobe

-Primary Motor Cortex
-Left Parietal Cortex

Hint 2

Center for motor planning

Front 3

What are the three major causes of apraxia of speech?

Back 3

1. Stroke
2. Degenerative Disease
3. TBI

Front 4

Differentiate oral apraxia from apraxia of speech.

Back 4

Nonverbal-Oral
Cannot carryout facial movements on command (lick-lips, whistle)
Oral
Difficulty planning movements necessary for speech.

Hint 4

Facial characteristics versus moving what is needed for speech (exclusively)

Front 5

Define the motor speech programmer

Back 5

A neural network which sequences motor movements for speech
and
analyzes info sequences that info into neural codes.

Hint 5

linguistic, motor, sensory. and emotional info has to be ____ before it can be sequenced into a neural code.

Front 6

How does apraxia of speech affect prosody?

Back 6

The articulation errors (revisions and restarts) make it difficult for normal prosody.
* Rate is slower
* variations in pitch and loudness are reduced.

Hint 6

Rate, rhythm, pitch and loudness

Front 7

Describe the respiration of AOS patients.

Back 7

The patient may have difficulty taking a breath on command.
* halting and effortful
* difficulty only in voluntary tasks.

Front 8

Describe the resonance of AOS patients.

Back 8

Resonance is generally not affected

Front 9

Describe the phonation of AOS patients.

Back 9

Rarely noted in mild to moderate cases of AOS

Front 10

In order to differentiate apraxia of speech from dysarthria, one must first rule out other contributing factors, such as:

Back 10

Muscle weakness or incoordination
* sensory loss
* comprehension deficit

Hint 10

determining much of this will be based on observations of voluntary and automatic movements.

Front 11

Contrast A. ideomotor and
B. ideational apraxia.

Back 11

A. inability to carryout motor command

B. Inability to create a plan for idea of a specific movement

Front 12

What are the distinguishing characteristics of the articulation errors in apraxia of speech?

Back 12

Substitutions
(placement errors-Spoonerisms) are more common than distortions, omissions, additions, or repetitions
*articulation in real words is better than in nonsense words.
* increased errors occur with an increase in complexity of word.

Front 13

Differentiate Rosenbek’s and Darley et al.’s treatment approaches.

Back 13

Darley et al procedures included 1. initiating speech activities
2. using automatic responses
3. phonemic drills
Rosenbeck = 8 step continuum.
(clinician)"Watch me, listen to me"

Front 14

What does the clinician do for the patient in the PROMPT program?

Back 14

The clinicain manually guides the articulators to the appropriate position needed to produce the target sound.

Front 15

What are the levels in Melodic Intonation Therapy?

Back 15

1. Elementary: clinician demonstrated melody & taps syllables & patient listens

2. Intermediate:increase lenggth and complexity of target utterances

3. Advanced:Use delay repetition