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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Hypothalamus
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Below thalamus, above brain stem; ventral diencephalon; regulating body temperature, hunger, thirst, fatigue and circadian cycles
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Thalamus
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Between cerebral cortex and midbrain; relays sensation and motor signals to cerebral cortex; regulation of consciousness, sleep and alertness
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Hippocrates
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"Brain is seat of Intelligence"
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Galen
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Art of dissection, four humors;
cerebrum: sensation cerebellum: motor |
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Vesalius
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continued idea of mechanical fluid idea; hydraulic machinery
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Descartes
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"Humans posses intellect and God-given soul"
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Willis
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Circle of Willis
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Robert Hooke
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Microscope
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James Parkinson
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"Essay on the Shaking Palsy"
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Luigi Galvani and Emil Du-Bois Reymond
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electrical signals in nerves
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Charles Bell and Francois Magendie
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Functional anatomy of nerve roots
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Joseph Gall
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Phrenology (studied bumps on brain)
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Paul Broca
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Cortical Localization
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Darwin
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Natural selection;
behavior and fear animal models developed |
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Theodor Schwann
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Cell theory; the neuron
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Neurologist
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An M.D. trained to diagnose and treat diseases of the nervous system
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Psychiatrist
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An M.D. trained to diagnose and treat disorders of mood and personality
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Neurosurgeon
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An M.D. trained to perform surgery on the brain and spinal cord
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Neuropathologist
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An M.D. or Ph.D. trained to recognize the changes in nervous tissue that result from disease
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Alzheimer's Disease
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A progressive degenerative disease of the brain, characterized by dementia and always fatal
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Cerebral Palsy
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A motor disorder caused by damage to the cerebrum at the time of birth
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Depression
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A serious disorder of mood, characterized by insomnia, loss of appetite and feelings of dejection
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Epilepsy
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A conditioned characterized by periodic disturbances of brain electrical activity that can lead to seizures
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Multiple sclerosis
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A progressive disease that affects nerve conduction, characterized by episodes of weakness, lack of coordination and speech disturbance
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Parkinson's Disease
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A progressive disease of the brain that leads to difficulty in initiating voluntary movement
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Schizophrenia
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A severe psychotic illness characterized by delusions, hallucinations and bizarre behavior
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Spinal paralysis
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A loss of feeling and movement caused by traumatic damage to the spinal cord
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Stroke
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A loss of brain function caused by disruption of the blood supply, usually leading to permanent sensory, motor, or cognitive deficit
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Golgi and Cajal
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nervous system structure
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Eccles, Hodgkin and Huxley
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ionic mechanisms involved in inhibition and excitation of nerve cell membrane
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Bergstrom, Vane and Bergstrom
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Discovery concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances
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Neher and Sakmann
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Discovery concerning function of single ion channels in cells
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Axel and Buck
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discovery of odorant receptors and organization of olfactory system
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Olfactory Bulb
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involved in olfaction and perception of odors
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Optic nerve
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transmit info from retina to brain; right by optic chiasm
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cranial nerves
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nerves that emerge directly from brain stem
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medulla
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lower half of brain stem; contains cardiac, respiratory, vomiting and vasomotor centers; deals with autonomic functions of breathing, heart rate and blood pressure
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pons
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conducts signals down to cerebellum and medulla; carries sensory signals up into thalamus
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mamillary bodies
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function as part of limbic system; relay impulses from amygdala and hippocampus to the thalamus
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Hypothalamus
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regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, fatigue, and circadian cycles
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optic tract
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runs from optic chiasm to lateral geniculate nucleus
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optic chiasm
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half info from each eye crosses and half stays on same side
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Olfactory nerve
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#1; sensory; sense of smell
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Optic nerve
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#2; sensory; vision
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Oculomotor nerve
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#3; motor; eye movements; papillary constriction and accommodation; muscles of eyelid
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Trochlear nerve
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#4; motor; eye movements
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Trigeminal nerve
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#5; sensorimotor; somatic sensation from the face, mouth and cornea; muscles of mastication
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Abducens nerve
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#6; motor; eye movements
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Facial nerve
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#7; sensorimotor; controls muscles of facial expression; taste from anterior tongue; lacrimal and salivary glands
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Vestibular-cocchlear
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#8; sensory; hearing; sense of balance
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Glossopharyngeal Nerve
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#9; sensorimotor; sensation from pharynx; taste from posterior tongue; carotid baroreceptors
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Vagus nerve
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#10; sensorimotor; autonomic functions of gut; sensation from pharynx; muscles of vocal cords; swallowing
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Spinal accesory nerve
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#11; motor; shoulder and neck muscles
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Hypoglossal nerve
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#12; motor; movements of tongue
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Three membranes surrounding brain
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pia mater, (subarachnoid space) arachnoid, dura mater
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Cerebrospinal fluid
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filled caverns and canals inside brain
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choroid plexus
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specialized tissues in ventricles that secretes CSF
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Hounsfield and Cormack
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CT scan; xray image of brain
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MRI
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging; more detail than CT; no xray; brain at any slice; image of books authors
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fMRI and PET scan
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detect changes in blood flow; more blood flow to active regions
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amygdala
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processing and memory of emotional reactions
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hippocampus
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creation of long term memories
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tectum
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responsible for auditory and visual reflexes
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tegmentum
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unconscious homeostatic and reflexive pathways
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basal forebrain
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acetylcholine production
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cortical white matter
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myelinated nerve cells; carry impulses throughout brain
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tegmentum
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voluntary motor control (red nucleus and substantia nigra)
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