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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
cognition
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higher mental processes such as thinking, perceiving, imagining, speaking, planning and acting
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cognitive neuroscience aims to
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explain cognitive processes in terms of brain-based mechanisms
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Wilder Penfield experimented on epilepsy patients
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applied electricity to stimulate areas of the brain
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mind-body problem
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how does the brain (physical) give rise to feelings, thoughts etc (our mind)
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dualism
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belief that mind and brain are made up of different kinds of substance
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dual-aspect theory
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mind and brain two levels of description of the same thing
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reductionism
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belief that mind-based concepts will eventually be replaced by neuroscientific concepts (biology)
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phrenology
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ind diff in cognition can be mapped on to differences in skull shape
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functional specialisation
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different regions of the brain are specialised for different functions
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cognitive neuropsychology
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study of brain-damaged patients to inform theories of normal cognition
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information processing
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approach that describes behaviour in terms of a sequence of cognitive stages
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interactivity
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later stages of processing can begin before earlier stages are complete
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top-down processing
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influence of later stages on the processing of earlier ones (such as memory influences on perception)
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parallel processing
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different information processed at same time
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neural network models
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computational model - information processing occurs using many interconnected nodes
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nodes
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basic units of neural network models that are activated in response to activity in other parts of the network
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temporal resolution
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the accuracy with which we can measure when an event occurs (EEG, MEG, TMS have milllisecond resolution)
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spatial resolution
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accuracy with which we can measure where an event is occurring (fMRI)
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modularity
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theory that certain cognitive processes (or areas of the brain) are restricted in the type of information they process
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domain specificity
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idea that a cognitive process (or brain region) is dedicated solely to one particular type of infomration (eg colour, faces)
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mind-body problem
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refers to question of how physical matter can produce mental experiences. This remains an enduring issue.
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specialisation
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to some extent, the different regions of the brain are specialised for different functions
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is the brain modular?
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not supported by empirical evidence, but extent to which brain contains regions of functional specialisation and domain specificity still debated
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functional neuroimaging
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biology - shows where cognitive functions occur, but doesn't provide understanding of how they work
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cognitive psychology
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can be informed by biology - the where and when
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