Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
efine: CNS ; Brain
|
spinal cord
|
|
|
Define: PNS
|
peripheral ganglia
|
Nerves projecting in and out of brain and spainal cord
|
|
Cell organelles contained in soma
|
rough ER (Nissl substance), nucelus, Golgi, mitochnodria, cytokeleton
|
|
|
Cytoskeleton of neurons contains ____ ; Microtubules
|
microfilaments
|
|
|
Multipolar neuron
|
Many dendrites and an axon or two
|
|
|
Bipolar neuron
|
one axon and one dendrite (retina of eye)
|
|
|
Gray matter has ___
|
Abudnance of neuron cell bodies; some myelin
|
|
|
OGD structure ; Footlike projections
|
have nodes of Ranvier
|
|
|
Mononuclear Phagocyte system ; includes microglial cells along with monocytes
|
macrophages
|
|
|
efine: CNS
|
Brain, spinal cord, optin nerve, retina
|
|
|
Define: PNS
|
Nerves projecting in and out of brain and spainal cord, peripheral ganglia, communicating nerves b/t ganglia (also includes autonomic NS)
|
|
|
Define: Dendrite
|
Carry impuleses toward the body
|
|
|
Define: Axon
|
Carries nerve impulses away from the body
|
|
|
Cell organelles contained in soma
|
Nucleus, rough ER (Nissl substance), Golgi appartus, cytoskeleton
|
|
|
Cytoskeleton of neurons contains ____
|
Microtubules, microfilaments, neurofilaments
|
|
|
Define axon hillock
|
Pyramidal portion of soma where it joins with axon
|
|
|
Function of Axon Hillock
|
Sums all dendritic impulses and results in prpopgation down axon
|
|
|
Anterograde Flow/what provides energy for it?
|
Organelles made in soma are transported down axon driven by ATPas
|
|
|
Kinesin
|
Microtubule associated protein associated with anterograde flow
|
|
|
Retrograde flow
|
Carries endocytic vesicles from axon back to soma for reloading with neurotransmitters
|
|
|
Dynein
|
Micritubule associated protein associated with retrograde transport
|
|
|
Multipolar neuron
|
Many dendrites, an axon or two
|
|
|
Bipolar neuron
|
One axon, one dendrite (retina of eye)
|
|
|
Pseudiunipolar neuron
|
Sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia
|
|
|
Gray matter
|
Abudnance of neuron cell bodies, some myelin, glia
|
|
|
White matter
|
Contains mostly myelin and glia (few neurons)
|
|
|
Dorsal (posterial) horn
|
Sensory neurons receive input from neurons with cell bodies in dorsal root ganglia and dendrites on end organs
|
|
|
Ventral (anterior horn)
|
Motor neurons sending out axons to innervate skeletal muscle
|
|
|
Glia cells outnumber nerve cells by about ___
|
10:1
|
|
|
Myelin is produed by ______
|
Glia-insulates
|
|
|
Myelin consists of
|
multiple layers iof glia cell membranes wrapped around neural processes
|
|
|
Gaps in myelin are: __________
|
Nodes of Ranvier
|
|
|
Purpose of myelin
|
Speed conduction velocity of impulses
|
|
|
Myelin in the PNS is produced by
|
Schwan cells
|
|
|
Myelin in PNS is found around
|
Axons of motor neurons and dendrites
|
|
|
Myelin in PNS consists of:
|
Many layers of Schwan cells wrapped around axon
|
|
|
Myelin in PNS grows by:
|
Ellongation of the mesoaxon
|
|
|
Gaps between Schwan cells are called
|
Nodes of Ranvier (axon exposed to ECF)
|
|
|
Define: Schmidt-Langerman incisures
|
conical defects in myelin filled with Schwan cell cytoplasm to noursih myelin
|
|
|
Unmylenated nerves have a _____ conduction velocity
|
slower
|
|
|
Unmyelinated nerves are associated with _____ cells
|
Schwann
|
|
|
Unmylenated nerves do/do not have multiple layers of Schwan cells
|
Do not
|
|
|
Myelin in the CNS is produced by
|
Oligodendroglia (OGD)
|
|
|
OGD structure
|
Footlike projections, have nodes of Ranvier
|
|
|
Gray matter contains ___________ astrocytes
|
protoplasmic
|
|
|
White matter contains __________ astrocytes
|
fibrous
|
|
|
What plays a role in regulating the blood brain barrier?
|
Tight junctions at vascular epithelium
|
|
|
Define: Microglia
|
Small PHAGOCYTES that perform immune syrveillance in CNS
|
|
|
Microglia are part of the
|
Mononuclear phagocyte system
|
|
|
Mononuclear Phagocyte system
|
includes microglial cells along with monocytes, macrophages, Kupfer cells, BONE MARROW derivatives
|
|
|
Define: sattelite
|
Surround neurons in ganglia
|
|
|
Function of satellite cells
|
Perhaps functionally isolate or support neurons
|
|
|
Location of satellite cells
|
Autonamic ganglia and dorsal root ganglia
|
|
|
Define: Muller cell
|
In neural retina supports retinal neurons
|
|
|
Define: Bergman glia
|
Provide migratory pathways for developing neurons in brain
|
|
|
Define: Ependymal cell
|
Cuboidal-columnar cell that line lumen (central canal of spinal corn and ventricles in brain) of CNS
|
|
|
What structures are on ependymal cells?
|
Apical cilia and microvili
|
|
|
Ependymal cells are remants of?
|
Proliferative neuroepithelium that produced spinal cord and brain
|
|