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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Muscle produce movement by? |
Contracting in response to nervous stimulation |
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Muscle contraction results from the sliding together of? |
Actin and myosin filaments within the muscle cell or fiber |
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Each muscle cell consists of |
Myofibrils |
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Each muscle cell consists of myofibrils, which in turn are made up of? |
Still smaller units called sarcomeres |
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Calcium and adenosine triphosphate must be present for |
A muscle cell to contract |
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Nervous stimulation from motor neurons causes the release of |
Calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum |
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Calcium ions attach to inhibitory proteins on the actin filaments within the cell |
Moving them aside so that cross -bridges can form between actin and myosin filaments |
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Using energy supplied by ATP the filaments slide to together to? |
produce contraction |
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The skeletal muscles, which make up the muscular system, are also called |
Voluntary muscles |
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Voluntary muscles are under |
Conscious control |
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Skeletal muscles must work in |
Pairs |
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The muscle that excutes a given movement is |
The prime mover |
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The muscle that produces the opposite movement is |
The antagonist |
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Other muscles known as |
Synergists |
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Other muscles known as synergists may work in cooperation with the |
Prime mover |
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Muscles can be classified according to the movement they elicit. There are? |
Flexors and extensors |
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Flexors reduce the angle at the? |
Joint |
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Extensors increase the? |
Angle |
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Abductors draw a line away from? |
The midline |
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Adductors return the limb back toward? |
The body |
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The nervous system consists essentially of? |
The brain, the spinal cord, and the nerves |
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The nervous system enables us to? |
Think, reason, remember, and carry out other abstract activities |
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Nervous system makes body movements by skeletal muscles possible by supplying them with? |
Nerve impulses that cause contraction |
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Nervous system works closely with the endocrine glands, correlating and integrating body functions such as? |
Digestion and reproduction |
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All actions of the nervous system depend on the transmission of nerve? |
Impulse over neurons, or nerve cells |
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All actions of the nervous system depend on the transmission of nerve impulses over neurons, or nerve cells, the functional units of? |
The nervous system |
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The main parts of a neuron are the? |
Cell, body, axon, and dendrites |
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Dendrites transmit the impulse? |
Toward cell body |
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Axons transmit the impulse? |
Away from the cell body |
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The nervous system may be divided structurally into a? |
Central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) |
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The PNS consists of all the nerves that transmit information to and? |
From the CNS |
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Sensory neurons transmit nerve impulses toward the? |
Central nervous system (CNS) |
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Afferent is |
Sensory neurons |
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Motor neurons transmit nerve impulses away from the CNS toward the? |
Effector organs such as muscles, glands, and digestive organs |
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Examples of perception |
Seeing, hearing, tasting, smelling, and touching |
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Efferent |
Motor neurons |
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The major parts of the brain are the? |
Cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla oblongata |
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Cerebrum associated with? |
Movement and sensory input |
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Cerebellum is responsible for? |
Muscular coordination |
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Medulla oblongata controls many vital functions such as? |
Respiration and heart rate |
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The spinal cord is approximately? |
18 inches long and extends from the base of the skull |
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Foramen magnum |
The hole in the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes |
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The hole in the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes |
Foramen magnum |
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The spinal cord is approximately 18 inches long and extends from the base of the skull to? |
The first or second lumbar vertebra |
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First and second lumbar vertebra is called? |
L1 or L2 |
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Thirty-one pairs of spinal nerves exit? |
The spinal cord |
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Simple (spinal) reflexes are those in which nerve impulses travel through? |
The spinal cord and do not reach the brain |
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Most reflex pathways involve impulses traveling to and from the brain in? |
Ascending and descending tracts of the spinal cord |
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Sensory impulses enter the |
Dorsal horns of the spinal cord |
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Motor impulses leave through the ? |
Ventral horns of the spinal cord |
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Central nervous system consists of the? |
Brain and spinal cord |
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Peripheral nervous system includes all of the nerves and? |
Their branches |