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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Effects of hyponatremia on respiratory system:
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shallow, ineffective respiratory movements as a late manifestation r/t skeletal muscle weakness
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Effects of hyponatremia on neuromusclar system:
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generalized skeletal muscle weakness that is worse in the extremities
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Effects of hyponatremia on cerebral function:
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headache, personality changes
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Effects of hyponatremia on GI system:
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a. Increased motility and hyperactive bowel sounds
b. Nausea c. Abdominal cramping and diarrhea |
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If the client is taking lithium for hyponatremia, why should you monitor lithium levels?
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Hyponatremia can cause diminished lithium excretion, resulting in toxicity.
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What are four conditions that cause decreased sodium excretion can result in hypernatremia?
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a. Corticosteroids
b. Cushing's syndrome c. Renal failure d. Hyperaldosteronism |
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Effects of hypernatremia on neuromuscular system:
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a. Early: spontaneous muscle twitches; irregular muscle contractions
b. Late: skeletal muscle weakness; deep tendon reflexes diminshed or absent |
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Effects of hypernatremia on central nervous system:
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a. altered cerebral function is the most common manifestation of hypernatremia
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Effects of hypokalemia on cardiovascular system:
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a. Thready, weak, irregular pulse
b. Peripheral pulses weak c. Orthostatic hypotension d. EKG changes: ST depression; shallow, flat or inverted T wave; and prominent U wave |
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Effects of hypokalemia on respiratory system:
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a. Shallow, ineffective respirations that result from profound muscle weakness of the skeletal muscles of respiration
b. Diminished breath sounds |
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Effects of hypokalemia on neuromuscular system:
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a. Anxiety, lethary, confusion, coma
b. Skeletal muscle weakness; eventual flaccid paralysis c. Loss of tactile discrimination d. Deep tendon hyporeflexia |
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Effects of hypokalemia on GI system:
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a. Decreased motility, hypoactive to absent bowel sounds
b. Nausea, vomiting, constipation, abdominal distention c. Paralytic ileus |
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The maximun recommended infusion rate is ___ mEq/hr, never to exceed ___ mEq/hr under any circumstances.
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5-10; 20
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Effects of hyperkalemia on cardiovascular system:
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a. Slow, weak, irregular HR
b. Decreased BP c. EKG changes: tall peaked T waves; widened QRS complexes; prolonged PR intervals; and flat P waves |
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Effects of hyperkalemia on respiratory system:
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profound weakness of the skeletal muscles causes respiratory failure
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Effects of hyperkalemia on system:
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a. Early: muscle twitches, cramps, paresthesias
b. Late: profound weakness, ascending flaccid paralysis in the arms and legs |
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Effects of hyperkalemia on GI system:
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a. Increased motility, hyperactive bowel sounds
b. Diarrhea |
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If renal function is impaired, prepare to administer ___, cation exchange resin that promotes GI sodium absorption and potassium excretion.
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Kayexalate
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Effect of hypocalcemia on cardiovascular system:
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a. Decreased HR
b. Hypotension c. Diminished peripheral pulses d. EKG changes: prolonged ST interval; prolonged QT intervals |
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Effect of hypocalcemia on neuromuscular system:
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a. Irritable skeletal muscles: twitches, cramps, tetany, seizures
b. Parasthesias followed by numbness that may affect the lips, nose, and ears in addition to the limbs c. Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes |
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Effect of hypocalcemia on GI system:
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a. Increased gastric motility; hyperactive bowel sounds
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Effect of hypercalcemia on cardiovascular system:
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a. Increased HR in early phase; bradycardia that can lead to cardiac arrest in late phases
b. Increased BP c. Bounding, full peripheral pulses d. EKG changes: shortened ST segment; widened T wave |
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Effect of hypercalcemia on respiratory system:
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Ineffective respiratory movement as a result of profound skeletal muscle weakness
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Effect of hypercalcemia on neuromuscular system:
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a. Profound muscle weakness
b. Diminished or absent deep tendon reflexes c. Disorientation, lethary, coma |
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Effect of hypercalcemia on renal system:
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a. Increased urinary output leading to dehydration
b. Anorexia, nausea, abdominal distention, constipation |
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Effect of hypomagnesemia on neuromuscular system:
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a. Twitches; paresthesias
b. Positive Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs |
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hypo-___ frequently accompanies hypomagnesemia.
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calcemia
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Effects of hypermagnesemia on neuromuscular system:
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a. Diminished deep tendon reflexes
b. Skeletal muscle weakness |
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Effects of hypermagnesemia on central nervous system:
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drowsiness and lethargy that progresses to coma
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A decrease in the serum phosphorus level is accompanied by an increase in the serum ___ level.
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calcium
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Effects of hypophospatemia on neuromuscular system:
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a. Weakness
b. Decreased deep tendon reflexes c. Decreased bone density that can cause fractures and alterations in bone shape |
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An increase in the serum phosphorus level is accompanied by a decrease in the serum ___ level.
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calcium
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The problems that occur in hyperphosphatemia center on the hypo-___ that results when serum phosphorus levels increase.
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calcemia
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