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269 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which of the following theorists postulated that a person's successful vocational development was dependent on completing the tasks of one stage before moving on to the next? |
d. Havinghurst
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Which of the following is associated with punishment?
a. token economies b. extinction therapy c. assertiveness training d. aversion therapy |
d. aversion therapy
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Which of the following most clearly differentiates a situational crisis from a developmental crisis?
a. the expected b. the sense of unexpectedness c. the cognitive key d. a precipitating event |
b. the sense of unexpectedness
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In an existential realm, therapy has as its central issue
a. resistance b. experiencing feelings c. transference d. freedom and responsibility |
d. freedom and responsibility
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Johari's window (actually named after its originator Joe Luft and Harry Ingham) was developed to described the internal tension undergone by clients as they experienced and developed an awareness of interpersonal and/or intergroup relationships. In which quadrant would the most comfortable self-revelation occur?
a. blind to self and known to others b. blind to self and unknown to others c. known to self and known to others d. known to self and not known to others |
c. known to self and known to others
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An administrator of a community mental health clinic is having difficulty managing the caseworker staff. A number of miscommunications have occurred which have resulted in policy and procedural violations. The administrator has attempted to address these problems but recognizes his limitations. He hires a consultant to help him develop better management skills. According to Schein, this situation would call for a _________________ model of consultation.
a. contractual b. service agreement c. purchase of service d. purchase of expertise |
d. purchase of expertise
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The stages of becoming a multiculturally sensitive therapist involve all of the following EXCEPT:
a. unawareness of cultural issues b. heightened awareness of culture c. movement away from cultural sensitivity d. burden of considering culture |
c. movement away from cultural sensitivity
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You have organized an REBT group that will meet weekly. This is your first experience with an REBT group and you review the role of the leader, the role of homework, etc. You also review the ethical and legal standards laid out in the profession. Defending oneself against lawsuits involves many actions. Of the following, which is probably the best defense against lawsuits of all kinds?
a. following standards of practice b. putting the counselee's needs ahead of the counselor's c. allowing the counselee to approve all action d. air-tight contracts |
a. following standards of practice
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Mary hasn't been able to get cocaine for several weeks because she's out of money and so she hasn't "used" in the past month. She went through withdrawal symptoms when she was unable to take her usual dose. She craves the drug all the time and is constantly searching for ways to get some. Her efforts to obtain cocaine have seriously interfered with her ability to work and take care of her children. Which of the following DSM-IV diagnoses would best fit her symptoms?
a. substance use b. substance dependence c. substance abuse d. substance addiction |
b. substance dependence
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Communication theorists describe the clarity of communication transmission and reception as what?
a. analogic b. pragmatics c. syntax d. semantics |
d. semantics
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Martha has found career counseling to be personally fulfilling yet she still finds, even after eight years in the profession, that she has trouble separating herself from emotional involvement with her clients. Martha is following Super's theory of career development and is, therefore, not surprised to learn that one of her clients whom she has believed to be in the "Establishment" stage has
a. been promoted to a management position b. sought preretirement counseling c. changed jobs d. quit work (altogether) |
a. been promoted to a management position
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According to Caplan, the most common reason for a request for consultation is
a. institutional interference b. implementation processing c. identification synthesis d. loss of objectivity |
d. loss of objectivity
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Tom participated in a standardized reading test. He scored in the middle of the third stanine in a normal distribution. All of the following are incorrect EXCEPT:
a. his score was the median for the group who participated in the test b. His t-score is 40 c. His score fell at +2 Standard Deviation d. His score feel at a z-score of -3 |
b. His t-score is 40
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A company has been complaining about costs and wants to increase the number of burgers its employees can wrap in an hour. You've already tested employees to death and don't really want to add another test because it also takes a bite out of your budget as well. The boss insists you add another assessment instrument to up the number of burgers wrapped per hour, so you start the test-review process first looking at:
a. Relational correlation studies b. Special population needs c. Face validity d. Standard Z-scores |
C. Face Validity
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After giving all your patients a mental status exam that you designed, you assign them a DSM-4 diagnosis based on its outcome. Later, when you have seen the patients for a number of sessions and run them through a series of assessments, you find that your initial diagnosis based on your mental status exam and your final diagnosis have a high positive correlation. This might indicate that the mental status exam that you designed has:
Low reliability High validity and high reliability Low validity and low reliability High validity |
high validity and high reliability
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Who first stressed occupational choice as part of the developmental process?
Gelatt Ginzberg Bandura Williamson |
Ginzberg
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Of these different types of work ethics, which would be concerned with personal growth, love of work, and a lifestyle that is balanced with leisure?
Self-development work ethic Protestant work ethic Other-directed work ethic Professional work ethic |
self-development work ethic
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If you wanted to evaluate whether a person seems satisfied with his or her particular area of work, then one thing you might want to look at would be:
How much training is needed How union-friendly it is How long he or she has been at it All of these are correct |
How long he or she has been at it
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A researcher with a subject in an experiment who acquires a behavioral change through partial reinforcement, might find that this behavioral change was:
As susceptible to extinction as other behaviors More resistant to extinction Less resistant to extinction Immutable |
More resistant to extinction
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The idea that laws can be altered based on the changing needs of society is, according to Kohlberg, a trait of this stage of moral development:
Relativistic Post-conventional Situational Multi-conventional |
Post-conventional
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Noticing that many members had been totally silent throughout the first half of their initial group session, the group therapist shared with the group his feelings of concern that they might be expecting him to direct them more than would be helpful to the group. What approach did the group therapist use to inspire trust and self-disclosure among the group members?
Confrontation Modeling Guilt Defensiveness |
Modeling
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The "future projection" technique is designed to help group members express:
Repressed feelings Uncertainties of the future Concerns of the past Regards of the present |
Uncertainties of the future
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A middle-class client would probably indicate closed body language by:
Avoidance of direct eye contact Maintaining an upright position Smiling and nodding his head Keeping his palms upright |
Smiling and nodding his head
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The SOAP clinical note format is one reporting methodology that therapists use to keep track of their therapy sessions and the progress of their patients. The method SOAP stands for:
Subjective information, objective information, assessments, conclusions and the treatment plan Systematic assessment, objective data, assessment and plan Summary information, outcome, assessments, conclusions and the treatment plan Subjective data, objective data, appraisal, prognosis |
Subjective information, objective information, assessments, conclusions and the treatment plan
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Telling a client to confront his mother about going through his wallet without his permission is called:
Minimal encourages Assertiveness Calling a game A directive |
A directive
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Your client is really depressed and crying her eyes out because her boyfriend has dumped her for the captain of the cheerleading squad. You, as a client-centered therapist, would probably:
Begin a process of discovering why this commonplace event has triggered such extreme behavior Just be there with the client Steer her toward a more rational and effective view of the situation Start a role-play where she discusses her feelings with her boyfriend |
Just be there with the client
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This is an accurate description of family sculpting:
The use of media to sculpture family relationships Evaluation of Genogram in light of family relationships Involvement of psychodrama-like postures Verbal REBT structuring |
Involvement of psychodrama-like postures
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Your client has been released from the hospital after being in an automobile accident that killed his parents. The difficulty he is experiencing in dealing with this situation is due to:
Repression Figure/ground distortion Suppression Unfinished business |
Unfinished business
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A colleague of yours is realizing that her messy divorce is interfering with her performance as a therapist. She also has come to the conclusion that she may have to discharge her clients. She should:
Explain to her clients what has been going on with her, and let each client decide if he or she wants to continue with her or accept a referral Continue seeing her clients while she gets outside therapy as time and circumstances permit Terminate her clients, but provide plenty of time and referrals before doing so Rethink her position in the knowledge that abandoning her clients would be unethical |
Terminate her clients, but provide plenty of time and referrals before doing so
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A defining difference between privilege and confidentiality is that:
Privilege is a legal term Privilege is a standard applicable to all mental health workers Privilege is an ethical and legal standard Privilege is an ethical standard |
Privilege is a legal term
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A client tells you that his coworkers at the car wash regularly rifle through customers glove compartments for bank statements and credit-card slips, then use the information to get cash and charge merchandise. What is the best thing for you to do?
Advise the client of what his possible actions might be Tell the owner of the business what is happening Recognize this as a ruse, and encourage the client to come clean and turn himself in Tell the police about the scam |
Advise the client of what his possible actions might be
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During the first session a client lets you know that she really respects and likes you and hopes the two of you can become really good friends. What should you do?
Refer her to another therapist Discuss with the client the concept of transference Arrange to have another therapist present during your meetings with her Talk openly about your feelings toward her, and assure her that you and she can move forward with a relationship once she is ready to terminate therapy |
Discuss with the client the concept of transference
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The statistical assumptions of parametric tests for a research study have been compromised. The research examined the effects of one independent variable on one dependent variable using an experimental group and a control group with subjects randomly assigned to these two groups. To analyze the results, which statistical test should be used?
Spearman rank-order Mann-Whitney U Cluster sampling Likert scale |
Mann-Whitney U
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Assume a test is given to two different groups of individuals, on different days and using different test administrators. What type of reliability would you be able to assess?
All the answers are incorrect External consistency Normative form Internal consistency |
Internal consistency
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Groups would not be considered equivalent in a between-groups design if:
Groups are formed by matching overall means Every other research participant was placed in each group Research groups are created by matching using a score-by-score basis Research participants are randomly assigned to groups |
Every other research participant was placed in each group
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A young Asian woman, Rose, is seeking help and has come to you for therapy. Her parents are first-generation immigrants and still practice much of their traditional culture and religion. Her family has conveyed disapproval that Rose is not maintaining the beliefs and customs of her parents. What should the therapist do?
Have Rose explore her feelings regarding her family Familiarize Rose with the concepts of enmeshment and co-dependence Help and guide Rose in this necessary separation from her family Advise Rose to get the rest of her family in to you for family therapy |
answer
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The highest level of marital satisfaction is found among:
Couples with small families Couples with large families Couples with adopted children Childless couples |
answer
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If you find out that on a test to pass a national board examination you have to make a 95 to pass, the test is using:
Factor analysis Cut scores Point discrimination Paste norms |
Cut scores
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Studies on the effects of divorce on children show that:
Males are affected more negatively and for a longer time than females Girls internalize adverse effects while seemingly less affected than boys Boys and girls suffer the same level of adverse effects at first, with boys taking longer to recover from them Boys and girls suffer the same level of adverse effects at first, with girls taking longer to recover from them |
Males are affected more negatively and for a longer time than females
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The standard error of measurement for a test instrument that has a reliability coefficient of 1.0 would be:
Equal to the standard deviation 0 1 Less than 1 but greater than 0 |
0
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You will find that current career-development theories:
Do not illuminate the vocational behaviors of special groups Give short shrift to adult career development Mainly relate to men's career development All of these are true |
All of these are true
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Before you start applying statistical measures, you've got to know and use:
The raw score Multiple measurements Positive correlation The bell curve |
The raw score
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Which of the following would give you information on the strength and direction that career paths seem to be heading for the entire United States?
USDA JPEG OOH DOT |
OOH
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In a family therapy session, the father informs you that he believes in the use of physical punishment whenever his son demonstrates inappropriate behavior at home. As the family social worker, you should make him aware that this child-rearing technique tends to result in:
An array of cognitive dysfunctions Generalized aggression Aggression aversion Inappropriate passivity |
Generalized aggression
Aggressive children often become aggressive adults, who often produce more aggressive children, in a cycle that endures generation after generation. Physical punishments always figure prominently in the roots of adolescent and adult aggressiveness, especially in those manifestations that take antisocial form, such as delinquency and criminality. Physical punishment of children typically is seen as one of the main influences shaping later aggressiveness and delinquency of males. |
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According to Maslow, our basic needs include:
Physiological needs, safety, and security Physiological needs, safety, and belonging Physiological needs, belonging, and esteem Physiological needs, security, and belonging |
Physiological needs, safety, and security
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Which of the following is the ideal structuring for a brief group therapy situation:
The group that is heterogeneous The group that is homogeneous The sexual orientation of the group is not important The group that is both homogeneous and heterogeneous |
The group that is homogeneous
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Adequate screening and preparation of individuals to function in a group should include:
Pushing for early disclosure of highly personal material Discussion of members' values early in the session Harsh confrontation Therapeutic confrontation |
Discussion of members' values early in the session
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"She's got bats in her belfry, if you can hear what I'm saying."
Kinesthetic Auditory Olfactory Visual |
Auditory
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In TA, "rackets" refer to:
New decisions we make about early childhood experiences to help redefine our selves The unpleasant feelings that we experience after a game An ongoing series of transactions that ends with a bad feeling for at least one player Forms of recognition that help form a positive self-concept |
he unpleasant feelings that we experience after a game
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The first step for an REBT therapist to complete when working with a client toward goals of self-interest, social interest, self-direction, tolerance, flexibility, and similar aims is:
Helping the client decide what family members will be involved in treatment Showing the client where her old solutions have failed Extracting a commitment from the client to complete therapy Showing the client that they have incorporated many irrational shoulds, oughts, and musts |
Showing the client that they have incorporated many irrational shoulds, oughts, and musts
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According to REBT theory, the ultimate aim is the _____ of feelings of depression and self-condemnation.
Minimizing Maximizing Extinction Negation |
Minimizing
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An existentialist who was in the Nazi war camps is:
Medard Boss Viktor Frankl Rollo May Jean Paul Sartre |
Viktor Frankl
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You want to understand the rationale for your client's behaviors, so your statement will begin with:
Why What How Could |
Why
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In the design and development of a psychological experiment on grief, you have concluded that the deception of the participants regarding the nature of the experiment is essential. The experiment would be considered ethical, as long as you:
Tell subjects what the deception was after the experiment Indicate to the subjects before the experiment any possible risk or discomfort they might experience Clear the procedure with the director of the department Use willing, paid subjects |
Indicate to the subjects before the experiment any possible risk or discomfort they might experience
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During a supervision discussion, an intern reveals to his supervisor that he is feeling a lot of resentment and irritation toward a client. Ethically, his supervisor should:
Observe a session between the intern and the client to determine if these feelings are impacting the therapy Advise the intern to talk about his feelings with the client, especially if they are interfering with the therapy Explore with the intern about what might be underlying these feelings toward the client Suggest that intern refer the client to another counselor |
Explore with the intern about what might be underlying these feelings toward the client
The supervisor should help the intern investigate his feelings toward the client. Then, the supervisor can decide what needs to be done to resolve these emotions and protect the client's welfare, such as assisting the issue in working through counter transference issues. If the supervisor determines that the intern's feelings are beginning to interfere with his effectiveness and/or objectivity and receiving supervision is not resolving the intern's feelings, it may then be appropriate to refer the client to another counselor |
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To help prevent confidentiality problems, therapists can:
Ensure the safe storage of confidential records for 6 months Discuss the limits of confidentiality Realize that federal and state laws remain fairly consistent on these matters Disregard mandatory reporting laws |
Discuss the limits of confidentiality
Therapists need to carefully balance the disclosure of information with their ethical obligations to protect their clients' confidentiality and must be clear on whether they should and why they are releasing information. Ethic codes instruct therapists to only disclose the minimum information necessary to provide needed services, obtain appropriate consultations, protect the client, therapist or others from harm, or obtain payment for services from a client. |
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What basic ethical principle is at the root of codes regarding discrimination, sexual harassment, and obligation to do pro bono work?
The principle of nonmaleficence The principle of beneficence The principle of fidelity The principle of justice |
The principle of justice
Justice is one of the four principles that ethical codes of based on. A therapist who abides by ethical principles of justice is acting in ways that promote fairness and equal access to health care |
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You might conclude that diffusion of treatment is a threat to internal validity because:
Regression will always migrate towards the mean Experimental and control are not equivalent It is difficult to determine dependent/independent variables Treatment cannot be evaluated |
Treatment cannot be evaluated
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A professor from the Fiji Islands has sent you some sample data on students' attitudes about sexually transmitted diseases. You can make no assumptions about whether the population data would be normally distributed or not. Therefore, you need to use:
Item analysis Nothing can be done until you receive this information Parametric statistics Non-parametric statistics |
Non-parametric statistics
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Which research design would you suggest for research on the effects of growing older on IQ scores?
Mixed group Multiple baseline ABAB Cross-sequential |
Cross-sequential
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A client comes to you from a culture different from yours. Throughout your therapy sessions you should remember to :
Recognize the differences Downplay the differences Allow the client to breach the subject of differences Use the differences as a therapy tool |
Recognize the differences
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According to Moynihan, Frazier, and others, many of the problems of African-American families are ascribable to the:
Discrimination Difficult transition from rural to urban life Lack of main streaming Cultural carry-over |
Difficult transition from rural to urban life
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The most likely outcome is most easily identified in which of these types of test score interpretations:
Criterion-referenced Norm-referenced Standardized Content-referenced |
Criterion-referenced
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If you were to acquire intercorrelations from several tests to discover a few underlying elements that are responsible for scores on all the tests, what technique would you employ?
Multiple analysis Multiple regression Factor analysis Factor regression |
Factor analysis
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One commonality between aptitude and achievement tests is that both:
Measure learned characteristics and previous achievements Benchmark only innate characteristics Gauge innate qualities and preexistent learning Measure innate and future attributes |
Gauge innate qualities and preexistent learning
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A major difference between trait/ factor theory and Ginzberg's theory of career development is that Ginzberg believes that adolescent vocational choices are probably:
Untenable Determinant Reversible Irrelevant |
Reversible
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What is the mean of a stanine scale?
Two Three Five Seven |
Five
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Ryan's systems model program planning includes all of the following except:
Gauging the value of the system Prescribing milestones Developing a plan of management Setting out a conceptual outline |
Prescribing milestones
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Which of these is true of heavy smokers:
They increase their smoking when stressed out They will smoke fewer filtered and/or low tar cigarettes than unfiltered and/or regular cigarettes They have an increased risk of cancer, but demonstrate a lower rate of heart disease, than nonsmokers They are more adept at specific tasks when not allowed to smoke |
They increase their smoking when stressed out
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Confidentiality limits are:
Terms used in appraisal Better in group counseling than individual counseling Worse in group counseling than individual counseling At the same level in group and individual counseling |
Worse in group counseling than individual counseling
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You tell an individual in a group situation that there seems to be an incongruence between what he is saying and how he is acting. This would be an example of what type of technique?
Clarification Summarization Reflection Confrontation |
Confrontation
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Which of the following is a kissing cousin to cognitive behavioral therapeutic approaches:
REBT Individual psychology TA Gestalt |
REBT
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Which of the following should NOT be used when determining goals with a patient:
You, as the professional, determine for the patient what areas should be dealt with first Talk with your patient and explore the possible consequences of his actions Discuss goals with your patient while realizing that the patient knows what's most important for him to deal with first Let the patient know that her expectations are not reality based, and need some modification |
You, as the professional, determine for the patient what areas should be dealt with first
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Play therapy is an excellent modality to use with children because of the fact that:
More research has been done in this area than in any other interventions for children Play is the normal way children express themselves Parents might feel threatened by other interventions All children like to play |
Play is the normal way children express themselves
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If a client focuses on details taken out of context and ignores more salient matters of the situation, then which of the following common distortions is being demonstrated:
Selective abstraction Polarized thinking Overgeneralization Arbitrary inference |
Selective abstraction
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Your role as the identified patient of your family maintains:
Differentiation Individuation Disengagement Homeostasis |
Homeostasis
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"Well, Flora, what would you like to discuss during session this week?"
Closed Mixed Open Ambiguous |
Open
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Professional organizations ground their Codes of Ethics in:
Professional foundations State law National law Certification |
Professional foundations
In determining whether a relevant professional, legal or social standard exists, the clinician is obligated to engage in the common professional activity of literature review and/or consultation with respected colleagues or both. |
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When a client indicates that he/she is going to bomb a Federal Building, your action should be directed in part by the duty to:
Protect against a public peril Maintain confidentiality Avoid a lawsuit Stay within ethical considerations |
Protect against a public peril
The now famous Tarasoff v. Board of Regents of University of California case law mandates that when a practitioner becomes aware of a threat to an identifiable individual or individuals that the practitioner incurs a duty to take some action to protect the intended victim from harm from his/her client. This legal obligation is often adequately discharged by a phone call to the proper authorities. It also supersedes the principle of confidentiality. |
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If a counselor does not cooperate with ongoing ethical investigations, the counselor automatically:
Work under a supervisor until the investigation is over Is in violation of the ethic code Must terminate therapy with all clients and refer them to other professionals Will lose their professional license |
Is in violation of the ethic code
Counselors must cooperate in ethics investigations and proceedings, governed by the professional association to which they belong. In doing so, counselors should pay special attention to any confidentiality issues that may arise from such investigation. Failure to cooperate is itself an ethics violation. However, making a request for deferment of adjudication of an ethics complaint pending the outcome of litigation does not alone constitute noncooperation |
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A client comes to your practice bringing a Wiccan background with which you are unfamiliar. The first thing you should do is to:
Indicate to the client that you are unfamiliar with her cultural background Refer the client to someone with a similar background Say nothing, but continue counseling Immediately refer the client |
Indicate to the client that you are unfamiliar with her cultural background
The typical practitioner, being well motivated, does not intentionally practice outside his/her area of competence. On the other hand, the competent practitioner should make it his /her business to objectively assess where his/her deficits lie. Since all clinical problems exist in particular contexts, the practitioner must be able to delineate the general clinical principles that transcend particular contexts and the "micro-competencies" needed to work effectively with particular client populations. In addition, competence must be evaluated against a constantly changing context of existing knowledge in a particular field. The practitioner is advised to be honest with his/her client regarding his/her lack of knowledge in a particular area. |
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A nonparametric alternative to the T-test would be:
Mann-Whitney Friedman Wilcox Pearson |
Mann-Whitney
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In an experiment a doctoral candidate has conducted, he has determined that the rate of copulation in a large population of laboratory rats fluctuates with the phases of the moon. He concludes that the gravitational pull of the moon influences the rats' sexual behavior. What error has he committed?
He incorrectly inferred correlation from causation He incorrectly inferred causation from correlation He has overlooked the Hawthorne effect He failed to measure the sexual activity of the rats |
He incorrectly inferred causation from correlation
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Dr. Tango is conducting a study to compare the use of dice in teaching statistics to a more traditional method. He should use:
Solomon two-group design Solomon four-group design Randomized subjects pre-test/post-test control group design One-group pre-test/post-test design |
Randomized subjects pre-test/post-test control group design
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Individuals from minority groups are most likely to be attracted to a counseling model that is a:
Long-term, client-centered approach None of these would be effective Psychoanalytic therapy approach Short-term, problem-solving approach |
Short-term, problem-solving approach
Research has suggested that members of minority cultures are much more inclined to prefer brief, short-term problem-solving approach to therapy. One reason for this may be the economic factor. Minority clients tend to be more pragmatic in terms of their needs and preferences. |
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If Sterling is attracted to you because you are attracted to her, this would be:
symbiosis reciprocity mutualism asymmetrical reciprocity |
reciprocity
Reciprocity involves being attracted to a person who is attracted to you. |
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The reliability of an assessment tool is an indicator of:
How effective the assessment tool is in different cultural populations Faking good or faking bad Whether the assessment tool is measuring what it is supposed to measure How dependable the assessment tool is |
How dependable the assessment tool is
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Rather than used by itself, the Vineland Scale is often used in combination with
A vocational preference assessment The Personality Factor Questionnaire A norm-referenced developmental scale A standardized IQ test |
A standardized IQ test
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You have just created a test instrument and want to show the world how valid it is. You have a test group take your instrument and later have them take another test that has been around since the 50s. You find the correlation between the two tests is 0.70. The variance of both assessment tools would be:
>68 percent < 50 percent = 50 percent 51 - 68 percent |
< 50 percent
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If you as an employer want to reduce stress on the job, you would do best to:
Urge employees to make reasonable use of sick leave Afford employees more autonomy and freedom on the job Institute mandatory but free medical exams Institute more health and safety seminars |
Afford employees more autonomy and freedom on the job
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Sarah has a disability. She is currently in the process of trying to find a job. During the interviewing process she should:
Put forward her abilities and unique qualifications Determine the prospective employers attitude toward affirmative action Emphasize that the handicapped make hard-working employees Assume that her disability will not be an issue, due to the Americans With Disabilities Act |
Put forward her abilities and unique qualifications
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Which pair of statistical measurements do standard scores consider?
Mean and standard deviation Mean and percentile Median and percentile Standard deviation and percentile |
Mean and standard deviation
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An employee is paid the same amount every week regardless of the number of tasks completed. The schedule on which she is being reinforced is an example of:
Variable interval Fixed interval Fixed ratio Variable ratio |
Fixed interval
Fixed interval refers to a constant fixed interval of time between reinforcements. |
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TA uses structured games and various ego states, which can:
Confuse multi-cultural populations Help facilitate communication Require a referee Conflict with the therapist |
Confuse multi-cultural populations
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According to this theory, individuals many times act in inappropriate ways to get the love they need, to feel they are loving others, and to feel they have self-worth:
Existential Person-centered REBT Reality |
Reality
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Dreams, according to Freud, are the:
Way that a person can deal with his or her current life and the life and death instincts Lifeline of the present, connecting past, present and future Springboards to the future Royal road to the unconscious |
Royal road to the unconscious
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Which of these strategies is the least effective for establishing rapport in the initial interview with a new client:
Conceding mistakes you've made Ignoring the problem in an attempt to establish rapport Tacit, empathic support Some small self-disclosures |
Ignoring the problem in an attempt to establish rapport
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A therapist at a trauma clinic at a ski resort is talking to a patient with a head trauma resulting from a recent ski accident. During the therapist's visit with the patient, the patient starts exhibiting delirium symptoms. The therapist might:
Call a physician to see what medication to give the patient Contact the patient's family Leave the patient to contact another professional at the ski resort Stay with the patient and provide assistance during the time he is exhibiting delirium symptoms |
Stay with the patient and provide assistance during the time he is exhibiting delirium symptoms
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You have had an elementary-school child for a client for the past six months. During this time you have used play therapy to work with the client without any significant results. However, during this week's session of play therapy, the child throws the toys against the wall and stomps around. This might indicate that:
This child will most likely respond more positively to behavior therapy The child is frustrated with this exercise The child is interpreting the exercise by sensing an external threat Underlying feelings are beginning to manifest |
Underlying feelings are beginning to manifest
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You love answering test questions but hate doing dishes. You decide that after every fifth dish you wash, you will spend fifteen minutes answering test questions. You are correctly using:
The Premack Principle Negative reinforcement Deferred gratification Flooding |
The Premack Principle
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Therapists use which of the following to emphasize key points they are stressing:
Documentation for the client to take with them Soft vocal tones to ensure that the client is paying attention Increasing the pitch of their voice Verbal underlining of specific key phrases |
Verbal underlining of specific key phrases
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Prior to beginning treatment, a counselor must:
Arrive at a formal diagnosis Obtain any previous treatment/therapy records Identify the client's problem Make all necessary referrals |
Identify the client's problem
Before beginning any type of therapy, the counselor needs to first identify the problem. It is helpful to take into account the client's diagnosis, but it is not necessary to actually formulate a formal diagnosis. A counselor could always request past records and/or make referrals once therapy has been started |
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When screening clients as potential group members, ethically, a therapist should choose clients:
Whose well being will not be jeopardized by the group experience Who may inhibit the group and therefore challenge the group to develop Who may enjoy the challenge of being in a group of people who are different from themselves Who need to be challenged by fellow group members to ensure growth occurs |
Whose well being will not be jeopardized by the group experience
When screening prospective clients for group work, a therapist should be mindful to choose members whose needs and goals will be compatible with the group's, who will not hinder the group's process, and whose well being will not be made vulnerable by the group experience |
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One of your clients is a 19-year-old man with bipolar disorder. He confides to you during the session that Lithium isn't having any effect and he wants to stop the medication. The most ethical course of action would be to:
Tell him to make an appointment with his M.D. to discuss the situation Tell him to try discontinuing medication for a short time on a trial basis Advise him that it is your obligation to see that he takes his medication Tell him that he may not discontinue his medication until you have consulted with your supervisor |
Tell him to make an appointment with his M.D. to discuss the situation
The person qualified and appropriate to discuss and deal with medications, their effectiveness or lack of it, and to alter, adjust and make changes in medication is the treating psychiatrist, who, as a medical doctor, is qualified and knowledgeable in the prescribing of medications. |
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A therapist is providing counseling to a group of Hispanic men who have been court ordered due to substance abuse issues. The therapist chooses to focus the first group session on asking the members to explain to him about their culture and how substance abuse fits into that culture. This therapist has behaved:
Unethically- since he should have placed the objective of this session on helping these men with their substance abuse issues Unethically- since he focused on the group's cultural background verses the individual issues Ethically- since he tried to find out more information about the population was working with Ethically- since he assumed that their Hispanic culture was the reason for the substance abuse |
Ethically- since he tried to find out more information about the population was working with
Therapists conducting group therapy have an ethical obligation to conduct their services with broad sensitivity to client differences including (but not limited to) ethnic, cultural, gender, religious, sexual, psychological maturity, economic class, family history, physical characteristics or limitations, and geographic location. Group therapists should continuously seek information regarding the cultural issues of the population with whom they are working both by interaction with group members as well as from using outside resources |
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If you were setting up an experiment that involved the administration of a drug to half of the subjects in the experiment, you would give everyone else a placebo to:
Control for the effects of suggestion and expectation Keep the experiment random Maintain research ethics Create a double-blind study environment |
Control for the effects of suggestion and expectation
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If the results of a test show scores that plot out to be positively skewed, you would find:
More low scores than high scores More high scores than low scores Low scores only Equal numbers of low and high scores |
More low scores than high scores
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In instances of significant correlation, which variables are hypothetical causes?
Dependent Independent External Experimental |
Independent
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Which of the following skill areas are important to include in the counseling process according to Pedersen's multicultural counseling theory?
Problem definition and action plan Assimilation and accommodation Criterion referenced behavioral objectives and treatment plans Recovery skills and recognizing resistance |
Recovery skills and recognizing resistance
Pederson emphasized the importance of developing recovery skills and recognizing resistance in multicultural counseling. |
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Some therapists may find it difficult to work with clients who are Hispanic because of the:
Language barrier The clients need to please the therapist The clients reluctance to disclose to individuals outside their culture Clients lack of commitment to the counseling process |
The clients reluctance to disclose to individuals outside their culture
Hispanics are culturally not inclined to share personal information outside their family circles. |
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Which of the following would have a tendency to use inventories and tests?
Trait-factor Jungian Client-centered TA |
Trait-factor
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If you needed to determine the range on a group of test scores, you would have to:
Find the mean Square the variance Subtract the highest score from the lowest score Subtract the lowest score from the highest score |
Subtract the lowest score from the highest score
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Students submit written essays to their advisors. On the basis of this essay they will be placed in basic, intermediate, or advanced studies. A review of records reveals that different raters come to widely different judgments about individual students' placements. This means that the placement method has low:
Constancy Internal validity Generalizability Reliability |
Reliability
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Which is true of the Occupational Outlook Handbook?
It gets annual updates Its an easier and more agreeable read than other like resources It lists jobs according to the D-code It lists jobs according to geographical region |
Its an easier and more agreeable read than other like resources
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The computer software that gives indications on career development based on values given by the client is:
SIGI DISCOVER CVIS MASTER |
SIGI
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The two stages of decision-making included in Tiedeman and O'Hara's model are:
Exploration and discovery Projection and implementation Targeting and resolution Implementation and Anticipation |
Implementation and Anticipation
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Which experiments suggest that humans need patterned and varied stimulation to function normally?
Sensory deprivation experiments Behavior modification experiments Learned helplessness experiments Psychoactive drug experiments |
Sensory deprivation experiments
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It's been 16 years and Dr. Arnold Ziffel, a high achiever at the university science research department, is still working on his unified field theory. He is most likely motivated by a striving for:
The ability to control others Peer recognition Achievement without desire for physical gain A position of prestige and power |
Achievement without desire for physical gain
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Many older people expect to experience feelings of isolation, depression and uselessness. Accepting these myths about aging may result in:
Greater productivity A meaningful existence Identity confusion A self-fulfilling prophecy |
A self-fulfilling prophecy
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In practical terms, psychodrama encourages members to speak in _______ , regardless of when scenes actually happened.
All tenses The present tense The past tense The future tense |
The present tense
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An elderly patient of yours is unable to take care of himself, so his two sons are doing the job. However, when their father's condition worsens, they too are unable to take care of him without the aid of an assisted-living facility. They agree to check out several nursing homes to select the best one for their father. When you meet with the brothers the next week, you find out that they have not even looked at one facility for their father. You might start the session by:
Trying to get in touch with other siblings who are more responsible than the two you currently have in therapy Suggesting to the brothers that they perhaps forget about the assisted-living facility, since they really don't want to explore that route Doing a mid-week follow-up with the brothers, reminding them to check out at least one assisted-living facility Examining the possibility that there are some unresolved issues that are preventing them from action |
Examining the possibility that there are some unresolved issues that are preventing them from action
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"The stock market just went down 300 points. It's not my fault I lost all my money," indicates an incongruency between:
Verbal statements and behavior Nonverbal behavior and verbal statements Situation and the client Two statements |
Situation and the client
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The third stage of the integration sequence is _____, which involves clients learning how to influence their environment.
Accommodation Acquiring Accosting Assimilation |
Assimilation
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What technique could be used in Gestalt to help the client deal with a death of a spouse?
Rolfing Empty-chair technique Sweatshirt Joining |
Empty-chair technique
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This technique is used quite extensively in Gestalt:
Tar baby Dream analysis Hypnosis Behavioral restructuring |
Dream analysis
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A woman in a wheelchair comes in for therapy. On the phone she never mentioned her handicap. Your potential client indicates that she just wants to deal with why she sleeps most of the time and is not interested in life. The first thing you might talk about with this patient is:
Any subject but her handicap, unless she brings it up first Referring her to someone who deals with handicapped individuals Confront the patient and ask why she didn't tell you she was in a wheelchair before you met in person Exploring the possibility that being in a wheelchair might be responsible for some of her depression |
Exploring the possibility that being in a wheelchair might be responsible for some of her depression
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In Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California, the court ruled that when a therapist hears a client physically threatened an identifiable individual, the therapist must:
Have the client held at the appropriate mental-health institution for 24-hour observation Notify the police but not the potential victim Maintain client confidentiality while trying to defuse the situation Take steps to protect the potential victim from injury |
Take steps to protect the potential victim from injury
The now famous Tarasoff v. Board of Regents of University of California, 1976, established the obligation of the therapist to protect potential victims of their client' violence. This law supersedes the therapist's obligation to protect client's confidentiality. |
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When the involved lawyers request testimony to fact or opinion prior to the trial, it may be given in the form of:
A deposition An exception to confidentiality A request statement A preliminary tort |
A deposition
An advantage of giving testimony in the form of a deposition is that this may be given under oath in written form so that the practitioner does not become subject to cross examination. Once the practitioner is in court to testify, it is important to anticipate the potential for court involvement and to plan accordingly. It is unethical to withhold information from the court and it is incumbent upon the practitioner to answer questions asked honestly, however, there is no obligation to share information that is not asked. |
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The concept of a client having "informed consent" indicates that the client has the right to know:
Where the therapist lives How much the therapist charges The sexual orientation of the therapist If the therapist incorporates religion in his life |
How much the therapist charges
The principle of informed consent mandates that the client be provided sufficient information to make a reasoned judgment regarding his/her treatment. Therefore, all issues related to his/her treatment are fair questions. This precludes personal information regarding the clinician's personal life, including details such as where the clinician lives, what his/her religion is, and sexual orientation of the clinician. |
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After almost a year of therapy, your client still doesn't seem to be making any progress. What should you do?
Seek out supervision from another therapist Talk about the possibility of termination and referral to some other professional Use the client's lack of progress as a way to explore his openness to therapy Suggest to the client that he should terminate therapy |
Talk about the possibility of termination and referral to some other professional
Almost a year is sufficient time for the client to have made some progress. if in this duration of time, the client has not made progress, the ethical clinician should speak to the client about transferring to another practitioner who might serve that client more effectively. |
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If you have designed a test that measures military leadership, and want to explore whether there are other constructs that are responsible for military leadership, you would probably want to use which of the following techniques?
Factor analysis Z scores Pearson Product Moment Correlation Multi-trait |
Factor analysis
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If only the experimenter knows which method is under investigation in an experiment considering the effects of a particular study method on student performance, the procedure she is using is called a:
Non-blind Relational sampling Single-blind Double-blind |
Single-blind
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On the self-monitoring scale, a client who scored high would probably:
Be the life of the party Get along with most people Look for approval All of the above |
All of the above
Mark Synder developed the Self-Monitoring (SM) Scale. The scale measures the extent to which people consciously use impression management strategies in social interactions. Basically, the scale assesses the degree to which a person manipulates the nonverbal signals that he/she sends to others and the degree to which he/she adjusts behavior to situational demands. Some people work harder at managing their public images than do others. Additionally, Ickes and Barnes (1977) summarized evidence that high SM people are (a) very sensitive to situational cues, (b) particularly skilled at detecting deception on the part of others, and (c) especially insightful about how to influence the emotions of others. |
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A therapist who has a feminist orientation would probably not:
Use diagnostic evaluation Consider the therapeutic relationship important View conflicts in a political context Make use of paradoxical intervention |
Use diagnostic evaluation
A therapist with a feminist perspective would tend to view issues in a political or societal context. Also, this type of therapist would tend not to place much weight on diagnostic evaluations because these latter may well be regarded as being the products of a male dominated culture. |
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A man responsible for much research in the study of schizophrenia was:
Kanner Bleuler Tourrette Morrel |
Bleuler
Bleuler is particularly notable for naming schizophrenia, a disorder which was previously known as dementia praecox. |
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You're working with Rob and Roberta, who are divorced. Which statement would be your best, most professor kiss-upping, response?
I will focus on the residential parent, if applicable I will focus on the couple I will focus on the children I will focus on the eldest child and her mother |
I will focus on the couple
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Which of the following approaches is least interested in humanistic values of responsibility and unconditional positive regard:
Gestalt therapy Psychoanalysis analytic psychology Reality Therapy |
Psychoanalysis
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The three aspects of David Olson's Family Circumplex Model are . . .
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Cohesion, flexibility and communication
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The power structure of the African-American family is typically:
Matriarchal in two-parent family homes Patriarchal in two-parent families Egalitarian in families with two parents No generalization can be made |
Egalitarian in families with two parents
All of the first three statements are false. In single parent families of African Americans, the structure is matriarchal, but not in 2 parent families. |
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You have a bell curve with several scores for students on an active listening test you administered. Which score is really out there?
z= -2.0 T-score = 25 Stannic = 5 IQ = 110 |
T-score = 25
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A clinical therapist is working with a patient who is 22 years old and has a 12-year-old sister. The patient reveals that she has been sexually abused by her father for the past couple of years. After the therapist makes an inquiry as to whether the patient's father is also abusing his other daughter, the patient clams up and stops talking to the therapist. Faced with this dilemma, the therapist should:
Bear in mind that protecting the patient's confidentiality would prevent her from acting in this situation Call the sexual abuse hotline and indicate the probability that the siblings may be experiencing abuse Call the authorities, because the patient disclosed that she had been sexually abused as a minor Schedule a session including the father and the siblings to determine if they are being abused |
Call the sexual abuse hotline and indicate the probability that the siblings may be experiencing abuse
All 50 states have statutes mandating the reporting of suspected physical or sexual abuse of a minor. In terms of breach of confidentiality, it seems that the practitioner is more likely to avoid malpractice suits by routinely reporting any potential violence or suspected physical or sexual abuse. Statutes typically grant immunity from liability to anyone who reports suspected abuse in good faith. Concerns about the reporting process damaging reputations and/or relationships must be counterbalanced against the clinician's legal and ethical obligations to protect innocent parties. |
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The definition of personality and interest tests is that they are:
Tests of normal proficiency Culturally referenced measurements Retroactive measurements Tests of positive but atypical performance |
Tests of normal proficiency
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A therapist giving an examination to a Russian boy who does not speak English very well repeated the instructions over and over to the child. He then made the child repeat the instructions back until he was convinced that the child comprehended the instructions. What do you think of this practice?
No problem as long as it is authorized and indicated in the test manual Not good, as it is not an accepted procedure This give an unfair advantage in the testing of this child It is acceptable if the boy finally understood what was being asked of him |
No problem as long as it is authorized and indicated in the test manual
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Which of the following uses the "stop-start technique" for treatment?
Vaginismus Premature ejaculation Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder Sexual Aversion Disorder |
Premature ejaculation
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You have a client who is not doing too well in college and is working full time at a burger joint. During her day job, she is doing well and has just been promoted to assistant manager. Her parents are not too thrilled about her choice of jobs and would like to see her finish college and get a white-collar job. If you subscribed to Ginzberg's career development theory, what stage would you say your client is in?
Crystallization Delineation Verification Exploration |
Exploration
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Which of these scenarios describes a "displaced homemaker?"
A 40-year-old woman who needs to find a job after the sudden death of her husband A 59-year-old housewife whose children have grown and moved away, and whose husband pays little or no attention to her A 40-year-old working wife and mother of two who finds herself in a job above her educational and skill level A 35- year-old housewife who leaves her family to pursue an independent career |
A 40-year-old woman who needs to find a job after the sudden death of her husband
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This is an area in which men need to be more assertive:
Spousal interaction Achievement Peer competition Affection, admiration, and praise |
Affection, admiration, and praise
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Thorndike's Law states that:
In time, proximate behaviors merge into one, more complex behavior Behavior is determined by predictable external causes, and not subject to random effects or personal whim Responses that precipitate satisfying results are encouraged and are likely to be repeated Repeated exposure to a neutral stimulus paired with a natural stimulus will cause a response to the neutral stimulus alone |
Responses that precipitate satisfying results are encouraged and are likely to be repeated
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One of the important aspects of the use of punishment that is often overlooked is that it:
Serves as feedback Usually promotes aggression Must be coupled with reinforcement to be effective May engender passivity |
Usually promotes aggression
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If group members struggle for dominance and are confrontational and insubordinate toward the group leader, the group is most likely in which stage of group development:
Working stage Screening stage Transition stage Termination stage |
Transition stage
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Client: "My mother is in the hospital with cancer and she is not eating, and my sisters are not getting along. I see my mother a few times a week, but I think that there is more that I should be doing."
The best paraphrase for this scenario might be: "It seems that your life has been turned upside down lately." "What does the prognosis look like for your mother?" "You feel angry and don't know which way to turn." "You must really love your mother." |
"It seems that your life has been turned upside down lately."
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"Tell me, Sterling, what are you going to do on Friday afternoon?"
The above is an example of: Reflection of feeling Encourager Paraphrase Open Question |
Open Question
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All of these statements on financial arrangements with clients are false except:
Financial arrangements should be settled before therapy begins Clients should know that once a fee is agreed upon, it will not change for as long as they stay in therapy Definite arrangements should be made after the client has become comfortable with the therapist during the first session As a commitment to therapy, clients should always have to pay something, even if it is a reduced rate |
Financial arrangements should be settled before therapy begins
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For which therapy does a therapist functions as a teacher, and the client as a learner?
TA Adlerian Freudian REBT |
REBT
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Reality therapists contend that _____ behavior is not something that merely happens to us, but rather, behavior that we choose as a way of attempting to control our world.
Gram-negative Subjective Projective Psychotic |
Psychotic
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Power deficits in the therapist-client relationship _________ by feminist therapists.
Are not tolerated Are recognized Are not recognized Are considered ideologically necessary |
Are recognized
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A therapist is informed that one of his clients has insurance that will cover only half of the charges for the sessions. He agrees to charge the insurance company for double the amount of his actual fee, so that the patient will not have to pay for anything himself. Though in the gray area, this practice is:
Ethical, if the therapist's only other option is to deny services to the client Unethical Ethical Either ethical or unethical, depending on the laws of the state the therapist is practicing in |
Unethical
The practitioner must uphold appropriate ethical standards of professional practice. Even though doubling the bill (i.e. "tempering the truth") so as to support the client may seem to be best for the client in the short term, in the long term it would not be for the practitioner. To do so would be a compromising of professional standards of practice, i. e. lying. This is an ethical matter as well as a reflection on the credibility of the mental health profession. The overriding long term effects of such "tempering the truth" may be a reduction in the public's trust of mental health workers as objective professionals, increased stringency in insurance company reimbursements, and decreased influence of mental health professionals in courts. |
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To what does the ethical principle of autonomy refer?
Being faithful to the promises made The obligation to treat clients as individuals Doing the greatest amount of good possible Respect for individual self-determination |
Respect for individual self-determination
Autonomy is one of the four principles that ethical codes of based on. A therapist who abides by the ethical principles of autonomy is operating from the belief that a client is competent to make his/her own decisions about their health care and respects their right for individual self-determination |
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When a therapist commits a violation of an ethical code, it is:
None of these apply A licensure violation A felony Grounds for dismissal |
None of these apply
When a therapist commits a violation of an ethical code, the therapist should do what he/she can to rectify the situation and learn from his/her mistakes. It may also be advisable for the therapist to consult with a trusted colleague in order to objectively ascertain the best way of rectifying the situation, and as a check to holding him/herself accountable. |
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Dr. Youngood is excited because he has found a 1.25 correlation between meditation and levitation. The finding might indicate that:
Youngood needs to take a research class a second time Neither meditation nor levitation is related to one another Meditation and levitation are positively correlated There is a negative relationship between meditation and levitation |
Youngood needs to take a research class a second time
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To determine if the test you plan to administer is a good fit with what you are intending to evaluate, it would be best if you:
Call the testing company Consult the test manual Use split half Use the 1-800 AASSWB test line |
Consult the test manual
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According to research, when does a long-term stable interest for a specific pattern of activities typically emerge?
Late adolescence Pre-adolescence Young adulthood Mid-adolescence |
Late adolescence
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Which of the following groups would be included within the definition of the term cultural pluralism?
All are correct Handicapped and homosexual individuals Women and single-parent families Racial and ethnic minorities |
All are correct
Cultural pluralism takes in all of the above-mentioned groups. |
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According to Kohlberg, the level at which a child bases moral judgments on punishments and rewards is called ____.
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pre-conventional
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General systems theory incorporates all of the following:
Structure, typology, and centripetal forces Paradox, process, and feedback Feedback loops, subsystem and isomorphism Isomorphism, process, and structure |
Isomorphism, process, and structure
Systems theory is an interdisciplinary field that studies the properties of systems as a whole. It was founded by Ludwig von Bertalanffy, William Ross Ashby, Margaret Mead, and Gregory Bateson. |
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Which of the following is most affected by sample size?
Experimental control Generalizability An independent variable Construct validity |
Generalizability
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Validity scales on test instruments are built in to determine if the results of a test are reliable or not because the client may have answered the questions:
To make himself look bad In a positive manner Using defense mechanisms All the choices are correct |
All the choices are correct
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You are seeing a patient who tells you that for the last six months or so he seems to become so angry that he can not control himself. Nothing that he can identify happened six months ago to cause his continued anger. Your patient states that he just woke up like this one day, and it seems to him that he has been angry ever since. If this were your patient you might:
Have the patient get a physical examination Perform a psychosocial to get a handle of what's going on with your patient Start him on a program of anger reduction Realize that you are out of your league and refer the patient to a cognitive therapist who deals with anger control |
Have the patient get a physical examination
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Which of the following has a tendency to cut the individual out of the decision-making process through imposing procedures and rules:
Line and staff organizations Matrixes Administrations Bureaucracies |
Bureaucracies
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As a consultant, you need to assess an organization. You are unable to physically visit the organization, so you should consider:
Using interviews as an evaluative tool Reviewing the organization's literature Using its application form as an evaluative tool Referencing government publications |
Using interviews as an evaluative tool
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Children will imitate:
The model a parent assigns them What a parent does not do How a parent behaves What a parent bids them to do |
How a parent behaves
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If you were setting up an experiment, you would want to keep in mind that negative reinforcement affects subjects' responding in that:
It decreases responding It will not affect responding It increases responding It eliminates responding |
It increases responding
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TA was originally developed by:
George Idle Tresa Green Eric Berne Frank Braun |
Eric Berne
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Limits of confidentiality are more stringent in:
Directed groups Homogeneous groups Individual therapy than in group therapy Heterogeneous groups |
Individual therapy than in group therapy
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Client: "If I had just lost my fingers in the accident, I could still be functional. But the fact that I am blind and am in constant pain makes things unbearable."
Therapist: "You're totally blind?" Summarization Encourager Paraphrase Reflection of feeling |
Encourager
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In TA, the three ego states are:
Conscious, subconscious, unconscious Id, ego, superego Rackets, games, redecisions Child, parent, adult |
Child, parent, adult
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As an attending skill, which of the following might be the best non-verbal technique for an Anglo:
Forward lean of the body A non-intrusive attending stance Relaxed but attentive position Taking notes of what the client is saying |
Forward lean of the body
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"What do you suppose is going on?"
Concrete Vague Mixed Ambiguous |
Vague
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Which of the following situations does NOT call for a referral:
The patient does not have any money and wants you to do therapy with him anyway You have no clue as to the cultural boundaries of this patient who is from the Fiji Islands The patient is someone who works for you cutting your lawn Your client is African American and you are of Spanish descent |
Your client is African American and you are of Spanish descent
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When it comes to the concept of confidentiality among individuals in a group therapy setting, the group therapist should:
Let the members of the group know that they don't have to keep confidentiality Let them know that there is no problem sharing what happened in group during their individual group sessions Take time to make sure group members understand the seriousness of preserving confidentiality Indicate that they are liable if they break confidentiality |
Take time to make sure group members understand the seriousness of preserving confidentiality
It is widely understood that maintaining confidentiality in a group setting is virtually impossible to monitor. The best thing to do is to impress upon the group from the start the value of their preserving confidentiality and the negative consequences that could ensue their breaching of confidentiality. |
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f you believe that a peer is practicing outside his/her ability, and fails to respond to the concerns you verbalize, your next step may be to:
Notify the police Confront your peer for a second warning Tell your supervisor Report your peer to the professional association |
Report your peer to the professional association
VandenBois and Duthie (1968) suggest that when one becomes aware of evidence that may indicate unethical or incompetent practice by a colleague, one should first ascertain the facts. An informal inquiry may be in order. Obviously, tactfulness would demand that one not pursue questions in an insensitive or hostile manner. Frequently, a colleague will respond defensively to an inquiry. When the suspected misdeed or incompetence is serious enough, this would require reporting one's concerns to a regulatory body (i.e. licensing board, ethics committee). |
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If a therapist makes an error in the clinical record of a client, he/she should:
Keep the record as is and do nothing Erase or scratch out the error so that inaccurate information in not in the record Append the record with additional information, making it clear it was done after the fact Redo the entire record including in the correct information |
Append the record with additional information, making it clear it was done after the fact
If ever faced with ethical charges, documentation is usually the best way to prove a therapist's actions. The wrong kind of documentation and/or lack of documentation could cause a therapist massive problems. When documenting records, try to only include relevant information. It is also illegal for a therapist to alter a record after the fact. |
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Certification serves the purpose of all of the following, except:
Mandating continuing education Allowing therapists to practice Indicating minimum proficiency Protecting the public |
Allowing therapists to practice
Certification serves to signify to the public that an individual has attained a minimum level of knowledge, education and experience. This intended thereby to protect the public as much as possible, from incompetent practitioners. Certification indicates to the public a minimum level of proficiency in the field and mandates that a practitioner is continuing to upgrade his/her education so as to stay current in new information and ideas. It has nothing to do with allowing a therapist to practice. |
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The research design that would most probably show a decline in IQ test scores in early adulthood would be:
Cross-sectional Longitudinal Age controlled Time controlled |
Cross-sectional
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If research includes grouping subjects based on religious and political memberships, what kind of information is being used?
Ordinal Correlational Ratio Nominal |
Nominal
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Which is the experimental independent variable?
Those variables having a negative effect on subject behavior The variable that the researcher alters A quantifiable measure of experimental performance The experiment's subject(s) |
The variable that the researcher alters
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One of the results of the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 is that it:
Secured the right of students 18 and older to examine their school records Made student records available to designated students under 18 Sealed school records and made them unavailable for scrutiny by the federal government Made school records available to any student beyond 9th grade with or without parental consent |
Secured the right of students 18 and older to examine their school records
The family educational and privacy rights act,sets Conditions for availability of funds to educational agencies or institutions; inspection and review of education records; specific information to be made available; procedure for access to education records; reasonableness of time for such access; hearings; written explanations by parents. |
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Propinquity is best related to:
Ethnic intolerance The decline in racial prejudice when individuals live next door to minority persons Therapist countertransference Prejudice |
The decline in racial prejudice when individuals live next door to minority persons
Propinquity means proximity in space or time. It is when one lives in close proximity to a minority member that prejudicial feelings and thoughts begin to break down. |
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What is the basic function of Title IX of the Educational Amendments of 1972?
To prohibit discrimination in all public and private college faculties To proscribe race, religious, gender, and ethnically based discrimination in recognized American labor organizations To proscribe discrimination against women in federal hiring practices To prohibit discrimination in educational agencies and institutions that accept federal assistance |
To prohibit discrimination in educational agencies and institutions that accept federal assistance
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Trait and factor theory would NOT say that:
Vocational choice is invariably a compromise Personality traits are subject to valid, reliable measurement Occupations are filled by singular types of people Career choice is a specific happening |
Vocational choice is invariably a compromise
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All are true of someone with a high need for achievement except:
He or she chooses long odds or sure things He or she will tend toward excellence in work or career He or she tends to see difficult tasks to completion He or she probably likes occupations which include elements of risk and responsibility |
He or she chooses long odds or sure things
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Maslow's needs for growth include:
Esteem, love, and self-actualization Security, stimulation, and esteem Security and esteem Belonging and safety |
Esteem, love, and self-actualization
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When using techniques in a group situation, all of the following are true except:
The group leader needs to be in control Clients should not be forced to perform an exercise The purpose of the exercise should be known before it is performed Clients need to work through their repressed unfinished business whether they want to or not |
Clients need to work through their repressed unfinished business whether they want to or not
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Which is an example of Reaction Formation:
Someone who pushes thoughts or feelings into the unconscious Someone who manufactures good reasons to explain a bruised ego Someone whose reaction is to redirect some emotion Someone who acts sugary sweet yet harbors hostility |
Someone who acts sugary sweet yet harbors hostility
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Which of the following is part of the six-step program for learning behavioral therapy:
Determine faculty cognitions Establish rapport Determine assets and strengths Explore current historical background |
Determine assets and strengths
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According to Mahler's object-relations approach, if an infant is responding more to states of physiological tension than to psychological process, which phase of development is the infant experiencing?
Normal infantile autism Symbiosis Narcissistic character Separation/individuation |
Normal infantile autism
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When Mom knows that her husband is sexually molesting both of her daughters and does not report it to the authorities nor tell anyone about it, she is:
Engaged in joining Keeping a family secret Shaming/blaming Dealing with boundary issues |
Keeping a family secret
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Which one of these is an example of positive reinforcement:
Saying "no" to a child when he expects a "yes" response Saying "thank you" for a job well done Turning off your child's music because she is not studying Removing all the toys from a child's room because of his bad grades |
Saying "thank you" for a job well done
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The main therapeutic goal of reality therapy is:
To assist the client in finding more effective ways of meeting his or her needs To assist the client in becoming aware of his or her subjective reality To teach the client how to recognize his or her current here-and-now reality To make the unconscious conscious |
To assist the client in finding more effective ways of meeting his or her needs
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Which of the following is not a potential risk when it comes to confidentiality and on-line counseling?
Others with access to the email account or the computer can view messages Confidentiality could be breached by hackers or Internet service providers Clients can automatically have a record of communications to refer to later Emails could fail to be received if they are sent to the wrong address |
Clients can automatically have a record of communications to refer to later
Communication via the internet poses its own potential breaches to confidentiality. Extra safeguards should be considered when the computer is shared by students, family members, library patrons, etc. Furthermore, the client should be informed of safeguards that are taken by the therapist and could be taken by himself/herself against some of these potential risks. Examples include using return receipt for sent emails and the utilization of a password to gain access to the computer |
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It becomes evident during a family therapy session that the youngest daughter had been sexually abused by an uncle. The family wants this information to remain private and have decided that they would deal with it on their own. The therapist accepts this plan of action since the family is actively working through the affects of this abuse. Ethically, what is the therapist's responsibility?
The therapist behaved ethically because the abuse happened in the past and is no longer occurring, so it not reportable The therapist behaved unethically because he should have spoken to the uncle to get his version of events to corroborate whether or not abuse actually occurred The therapist behaved unethically by not reporting the abuse to the proper authorities The therapist behaved ethically because he believes he is acting in the best interest of the family by keeping this private |
The therapist behaved unethically by not reporting the abuse to the proper authorities
When any type of child abuse (sexual, physical, or emotional) is disclosed during treatment, a therapist is mandated to report it regardless to the requests of the family or client. It is also not up to the therapist to decide whether or not the abuse happened, but rather their legal obligation to report that they have become aware that abuse may have happened to that child. |
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It is necessary to obtain informed consent prior to giving out a data about a patient. Which of the following statements is MOST correct regarding this issue?
You must obtain informed consent from your patient in most situations, but not in all situations If you are going to consult with a colleague, you must have informed consent from your patient You must always have informed consent from your patient If a significant other requests information about your patient, you may release it without informed consent |
You must obtain informed consent from your patient in most situations, but not in all situations
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The essence of the therapist/client relationship is commonly thought to imply that the therapist will typically:
Have additional power and responsibility Need to follow the lead of the client Take responsibility for the direction of therapy Take into consideration legal possibilities when working with the client |
Have additional power and responsibility
By virtue of the position of the clinician as the professional whom the client is visiting in order to seek help, the clinician is elevated in terms of power. Although the ideal situation is to give as much autonomy as possible to the client, the clinician as the certified professional has additional responsibility in the treatment process. |
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You have designed an experiment to see what effect singing has on learning sign language. As part of the study, you are gathering pre- and post-test data. You are afraid that the pre-test might have an effect on the experiment. How would you best contend with this?
Solomon four-group design ANOVA Chi-square Multiple regression |
Solomon four-group design
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If you were going to a desert island and could take only one of the following, which would it be, validity or reliability?
I'd take validity, the most important factor I'd take reliability; it's much more important than validity It really doesn't matter which one you take I'd take them both; they are both equally important |
I'd take validity, the most important factor
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Suicide is most often related to:
Depression Divorce Cult and heavy metal music Drug use |
Depression
Of the many millions of Americans who suffer from depression in any given year, 80% can be effectively treated, but only 30% seek help and of that number, slightly more than half are accurately diagnosed and receive appropriate treatment. 30,000 suicide deaths occur nationally every year. The #1 cause of suicide is untreated depression. |
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The first intervention you should perform for a battered woman is:
Establish boundaries and rapport Examine any childhood experience that might be responsible for why she is in this situation Give her the phone numbers of shelters in the area Get on the phone and call 911 for the police |
Give her the phone numbers of shelters in the area
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What is standard deviation?
A standard sampling A measure of variability A new set of raw data A measure of rate of occurrence |
A measure of variability
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This is true about rural Appalachians:
Up to 90 percent are African-American They tend to marry early in life Up to 90 percent are kin They greatly desire a different lifestyle |
They tend to marry early in life
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What type of schedule of reinforcement is being used by a sugar daddy who reinforces his niece with $100 for every class she attends at the community college?
Fixed ratio Variable interval Counter conditioning Fixed interval |
Fixed interval
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Fundamental to the "positive asset search" would be:
Instilling positive self-confidence and esteem in the client The basic listening sequence Defining parameters in working with the client Engaging the client to determine what resources he has |
The basic listening sequence
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The approach known as cognitive therapy was developed by:
Adler Beck Ellis Meichenbaum |
Beck
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During the sixth appointment a client tells you she is seeing another therapist. Your ethical duty would be to:
Consult with the other therapist to resolve any possible conflict Explain to the client that her treatment may be impeded if she does not soon come to a decision as to which therapist she would rather see Steer the client away from or toward the other therapist depending on her progress made while seeing you Determine the nature of the client's relationship with the other therapist |
Determine the nature of the client's relationship with the other therapist
The client may be involved in a dubious relationship with the other therapist. Since it is ethical and professional practice for a therapist to encourage his/her client to discuss conflicts directly with the treating clinician first, rather than just taking on a patient who has been working therapeutically with another clinician. |
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A therapist has been working with a bipolar patient on a weekly basis for 7 months. During the course of treatment, this patient has had 4 relapses and is not making any considerable progress. The therapist should:
Terminate the counseling sessions Identify and discuss the lack of progress with the client Talk about the possibility of termination and referral Inform the client that it would be unethical to continue to bill the insurance company, so further treatment must be paid out-of-pocket |
Talk about the possibility of termination and referral
When there has been little or no progress after 6 months of treatment, the best course of action would be to discuss with the client the possibility of termination and referral. Abruptly terminating counseling is not an ethical choice because that does not allow for the client's input, does not prepare the client for the end of the therapeutic relationship, and does not address referral issues. Identifying the lack of progress should have been done at an earlier point during the course treatment. By introducing the possibility of termination, a client may become more motivated begin making progress |
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To find a Z-score, an individual might:
Subtract the mean from the raw score and divide by the standard deviation Subtract the mean from the raw score and then multiply by the median Divide the raw score by the standard deviation Subtract the median from the raw score and then divide by the standard deviation |
Subtract the mean from the raw score and divide by the standard deviation
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African-American self-esteem in general:
Is as yet undetermined Varies from region to region Is economically determined Has improved dramatically since the 60s |
Has improved dramatically since the 60s
It is true that African American self esteem has improved dramatically since the 60's. There are probably a multitude of reasons for this, including the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960's which has led to more opportunities for African Americans both educationally, economically and politically. There are an assortment or organizations and individuals who have worked and sought to raise self esteem among African American youth. |
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When is an expectancy table employed?
To determine an individual's true criterion score given his expected predictor score To determine an individual's predictor score given his criterion score To list predictors expected to influence criterion score To predict a client's criterion score when you know her predictor score |
To predict a client's criterion score when you know her predictor score
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In a therapy session, when the husband becomes assertive in communicating, the wife becomes submissive. When the wife becomes submissive, the husband becomes more domineering, resulting in the wife becoming more passive. What kind of communication pattern is this an example of?
Co-dependent communication Asymmetrical communication Solipsistic communication Complementary communication |
Complementary communication
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The relationship between a therapist and a client:
Terminates when the client is referred to another therapist Only exists within the "therapy session" Is considered to be in perpetuity Terminates when the client is discharged |
Is considered to be in perpetuity
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A 9-year-old child may have been inappropriately assigned to a class for the mentally retarded. What test should be done to reevaluate the child?
WWF Raven Stanford-Binet SOMPA |
SOMPA
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Super would say that clients have:
Constellations and systems of self-concepts Constellations of self-concepts Systems of self-concepts Dual self-concepts encompassing school and home |
Constellations of self-concepts
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In summing up studies comparing worker biorhythms and industrial accidents, it would be most accurate to say that there is:
Some positive correlation in the first and last days of the work week No positive or negative significant correlation Positive correlation over the course of the work week A definitive negative correlation in the first and last days of the work week |
No positive or negative significant correlation
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Some clients insist that they do not have a problem and that their behavior is acceptable. Glasser's response to this is that:
Clients do not always behave according to their perceptions The therapist should continue to focus on these perceptions until the client changes his opinion The therapist should move on to the evaluation of the client's values and judgments It is unimportant whether the therapist and client match perceptions of behaviors |
The therapist should continue to focus on these perceptions until the client changes his opinion
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Your job as a family therapist is to:
Direct the process Watch the process Preserve equilibrium Disrupt equilibrium |
Disrupt equilibrium
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Why are client-observation skills necessary in paraphrasing what a client says?
Nonverbal skills are more important than verbal skills Diagnosis is dependent on observation and reporting Verbal skills are more important than nonverbal skills The nonverbal types of behavior your client is exhibiting might change the meaning of what that client is saying |
Nonverbal skills are more important than verbal skills
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The "compensatory theory of leisure" would say that:
Activities during leisure are significantly different from activities during working hours What people do in their leisure time mirrors in some important way what they do at work Hard workers have more fun outside of work Leisure is lost on most workers |
Activities during leisure are significantly different from activities during working hours
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Judgments about others, once developed and rationalized, are:
Changeable with the application of logic and rational thought Easy to change using emotive techniques Difficult to alter Changeable without too much difficulty |
Difficult to alter
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David believes that he cannot choose a career in which he is interested because he would not be successful. He also believes that if he did choose that career, his Mom would not approve of his choice. If you were his counselor, you might want to explore David's:
Emotional confinements Hierarchy of needs Instrumental difficulties Synthesis of career goals and needs |
Emotional Confinements
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When a client makes a conscious decision that results in some change in behavior, that process is called:
Moving from a reactive to a proactive stance Positive self-talk Individuation A redecision |
A redicision
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When you ask your students to evaluate your effectiveness as a teacher, you need to take into consideration:
The brownie effect The payback effect The halo effect The transference effect |
The halo effect
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You want to see how college students' feelings have changed about bisexuality. You pay 30 students to act as confederates who say that they are bisexual and pair them up with 30 other students from the college. As a researcher, ethics would demand that:
The researcher need do nothing The researcher be reported to the ethics committee The researcher talk with the students and let them deload if they reveal attitudes that might be problematic The researcher be reported to the appropriate ethical standards committee |
The researcher talk with the students and let them deload if they reveal attitudes that might be problematic
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The following statement to a client, "You might have overlooked her feelings," is:
Attending Non-attending Coaching Confrontational |
Attending
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Which is not a goal of REBT:
Expressing feelings Modeling Teaching new behaviors Thinking and acting |
Expressing Feelings
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Havighurst indicates that in the later stage of adulthood, one of the following is a developmental task that needs to be mastered:
Adjustment to decreased physical strength Separation from children Improving memory Achieving retirement goals |
Adjustment to decreased physical strength
One of the most commonly used terms to describe a good old age is "successful aging", often attributed to R. J. Havighurst. Havighurst postulated that adjusting to decreased physical strength is a necessary developmental task to successful aging. |
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All of these are a basic function of appraisal except:
Furnishing a patient with data about himself Learning what the patient's personality is Establishing a foundation for future prediction Evaluating the patient's presenting difficulty |
Furnishing a patient with data about himself
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All of the following are part Yankelovich's ethics of commitment except:
Rationales of self-fulfillment and working Attitude of cooperation Obligation to the self Attitudinal and self-conceptual changes |
Obligation to the self
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The skills that a client needs to seek out and find jobs are:
Close to non-existent in displaced workers Not taught in school All statements are correct Preferably a function of vocational placement |
All statements are correct
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You, as a professor at a local university, have decided to chuck therapy and become a standup comedian. What is a most important factor in establishing whether or not your modeled behavior will be mimicked by your students?
Whether the model works or is unsuccessful Existing gravitas of the model Appeal of the model's set and setting to the learner Emotional predisposition of the learner |
Whether the model works or is unsuccessful
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ctive listening entails:
Focusing solely on one member's verbal cues Focusing on the entire group's "gestalt" Focusing on one member's verbal and non-verbal cues Focusing on one member and documenting the process |
Focusing on one member's verbal and non-verbal cues
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When experiencing initial anxiety, a beginning therapist should:
Voice his/her questions and concerns with peers Discontinue the session Act "as if" he/she is in control of the situation Allow the members to continue session without him/her |
Voice his/her questions and concerns with peers
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"Job number one" of behavioral assessment is the discovering of behavioral ______.
Difficulties Hypertension Contingencies Methodologies |
Contingencies
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Snake Daddy and his old lady ride killer Harleys and are hard-core speed freaks. Which of these might be true of these unconventional citizens:
They do amphetamine mostly to keep their weight down and stay awake on the road They hit up large amounts of amphetamine right into the bloodstream They can stop using without experiencing aftereffects They use amphetamines to stay happy and mellow |
They hit up large amounts of amphetamine right into the bloodstream
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The effectiveness of the therapist who is using the eclectic model of counseling is most dependent on:
Supportive therapist role Methods of counseling Correct diagnosis The use of testing results |
The use of testing results
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If you need to examine individuals with special needs, which of the following would be your best course of action?
Ask a therapist who has tested that population Refer the client to another therapist Do nothing different from what you would normally do Consult the current literature on procedures |
Ask a therapist who has tested that population
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Havighurst's developmental tasks regarding elementary school children are related to:
Piaget's cognitive development tasks Kagan's and Moss's lifestyle description Super's career development tasks Kohlberg's moral development tasks |
Super's career development tasks
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According to Roe's theory of career choice:
Vocation can be predicated by observing specific traits and factors Vocational choices are primarily resultant from particular motivation and ability, and familiarity with specific occupations Early rewarded social behaviors are correlated to later vocational decisions Occupational choice results from how an individual's unique personality fits into his or her psychological environment |
Early rewarded social behaviors are correlated to later vocational decisions
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According to TA, _____ are considered the structure of the therapeutic relationship.
Contracts Theories Boundaries Rules |
Contracts
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The components of total behavior include which of the following:
Physiology Psychology Angering Depression |
Physiology
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A couple attends therapy together for the first three sessions. They have been fighting quite a bit lately and the man has said he is coming to therapy but only because he feels he has no choice. The girlfriend doesn't seem to be responsive either. At the fourth session, the woman tells the therapist that her partner couldn't come. She says she is secretly happy to have the therapist all to herself so she can get things off her chest without her partner around. What should the therapist do?
See her, but let her know that her boyfriend will also be entitled to a confidential session Do not see her this time, explaining that she and her boyfriend must make the effort to both show up together Call the boyfriend to ask him why he has not come to the therapy session Continue the session but let her know that you won't maintain confidentiality from her boyfriend next session |
Continue the session but let her know that you won't maintain confidentiality from her boyfriend next session
Since the therapist has been working with the couple as a couple, the therapist must explain to the woman that anything she tells the clinician must be shared with the other party or the clinician will be unable to continue to work with the couple. |
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Assume that a test is normative. You can be assured that when using this format, every item answer is:
In a cyclic pattern in relationship to other test items Dependent on every other test item Independent of every other test item Considered concentric |
Independent of every other test item
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When an individual discredits his/her identity through an attributional process, one of that individual's characteristics would be called a/an:
Stigma Accommodation Factor Trait |
Stigma
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In the United States, most current school desegregation policies are based on:
The Contact Hypothesis Kolodinsky's Choice Hypothesis Political decisions Beck's Cognitive Theory |
The Contact Hypothesis
The Contact Hypothesis postulates that intergroup contact will tend to lessen stereotyping and decrease prejudice. |
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What is the distinctive characteristic of "advocacy consultation?
Advocating for employee/employer cooperation Advocating with the client for individual change Social change Family and/or spousal relationship change |
Social change
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In order to determine the effect of adding new test items to an established test instrument on the reliability coefficient, you might want to employ:
Multiple regression Analysis of covariance The Spearman-Brown Prophecy Formula Path analysis |
The Spearman-Brown Prophecy Formula
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You develop a test of leadership with a reliability coefficient of .64, a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 20. From this you know that the standard error of measurement is:
12 5 0 .2 |
12
SD X square root of 1 - reliability coefficient. 20X.6=12 |
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Goulding's approach has been classified as the:
Redirectional School of TA Rudimentary School of TA Self Directive School of TA Redecisional School of TA |
Redecisional School of TA
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When a test designer uses items that are chosen based on how they perform statistically, this is known as:
Ratio-activated-based Standard-based Factor-analytic Analysis-based |
factor-analytic
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When a client scores high on the Conventional General Occupation and Artistic scales on the Strong Interest Inventory, the career counselor would not recommend:
Using both values and skills in the decision-making process The possibility of vocational and avocational interests to meet needs Employing an intuitive decision-making method Exploring Basic Interest Scales scores for additional possible interests |
employing an intuitive decision making method
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If you, as a group leader, were an Adlerian, chances are that among the techniques you would use would be:
Giving feedback Directing the group process Creating experiments None of these are Adlerian techniques |
none of these are Adlerian techniques
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The current direction in adult career counseling has been a consequence of:
More clients in job transitions Job burnout Companies no longer hiring for life Change in general work ethics |
More clients in job transitions
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Therapists at Sheri Hite High give seniors who have earned merit scholarships a test to measure highly developed cognitive skills in young people. All these students bomb out on the test. Unless merit scholarships get handed out like popcorn, this test probably has awful:
Content validity Construct validity External validity Concurrent validity |
Content validity
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The founder of control theory is:
Albert Ellis Frederick Perls William Glasser Joseph Wolfe |
William Glasser
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Margaret Mahler, in her object-relations approach, argues that the self develops through four broad stages. Three of the four stages occur during one of the stages described by Freud. This is the _____ stage.
Latency Oral Phallic Anal |
anal
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The practice of reality therapy includes the counseling environment and specific procedures which lead to behavior changes. Together, these two concepts are referred to as:
Behavior model Effective therapeutic balance Functional conditioning Cycle of counseling |
Cycle of counseling
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Cognitive trends in behavioristic approaches have been pioneered by:
Skinner Pavlov Freud Lazarus |
Lazarus
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Holland defined "differentiation" as:
The choosing of an occupation that significantly differs from the subject's personality type The degree to which a person's occupation may differ from his or her personality type The occupational options available that fit a general personality type The proportion to which an individual or environment favors one and only one specific vocational type |
The proportion to which an individual favors one and only one specific vocational type
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What is the function of life-planning workshops?
To increase career aptitudes To promote self-awareness To promote career planning To promote continued career education |
To promote self-awareness
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The disparity between an existing situation and a desired situation would be defined by evaluation researchers as:
Need Dissonant Contingent Expectancy |
Need
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Where does decision-making span the lowest and the highest levels of an organization?
Bureaucracy Matrix Line-staff type organization Decentralized organization |
decentralized organization
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