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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
A known or fixed elevation on a site. |
Benchmark |
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Dashed lines on a topographical map USUALLY mean |
Current elevations |
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Solid lines on a topographical map USUALLY indicate |
Proposed elevations |
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On a topographical map, how would water flow in relation to topographic lines |
Perpendicular |
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The line height label may be placed on the line, or ____ the line |
Above. NEVER UNDER to avoid confusion |
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When topographical lines are tight together, would this indicate a gentle slope or a steep slope? |
Steep |
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When topographical lines are spaced apart, does this imply a gentle or steep slope? |
Gentle |
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Which type of land form is this? |
Valley |
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Which type of land form is this? |
Valley |
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What type of land form is this? |
Ridge |
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What type of land form is this? |
Ridge |
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What type of land form is this? |
Summit |
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What type of land form is this? |
Summit |
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The reshaping of the surface of a site Is called |
Grading |
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The goal of grading is |
To promote proper drainage. |
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A special type of map that illustrates how a site is to be reshaped or grading is called |
A grading plan |
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What are contours lines? |
Lines that connect points of equal elevation |
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Existing contour lines show What? |
The sites grades as they currently exist |
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What do proposed contours lines show? |
The site as it will appear after grading |
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A Contour Interval is labeled on every topographic map and grading plan. What does it show us? |
Specifies the change in elevation between contours |
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Every 5th contour line is called ____. They are drawn with heavier lines. What is their purpose? |
Index contours. They make drawings easier to read |
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On some landscape plans depressions are indicated with ______ lines. These lines always point downhill. |
Hachure lines |
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The short perpendicular lines are called |
Hachure lines |
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These elevation labels are drawn at high points and low points within a closed contour |
Spot elevations |
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The term used to describe the removal of earth from an area |
Cut |
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The term used to describe the addition of earth to an area |
Fill |
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Would this be a cut or a fill? |
A cut excavation |
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Is this a cut or a fill? |
Fill excavation |
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Is this a cut or a fill? |
Both. |
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2 main types of drainage systems |
Surface drainage and Subsurface drainage |
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Surface or subsurface? What is the term used for this linear depression? |
Surface Swale |
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System that removes water that has percolated below the surface |
Subsurface drain |
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Would a French drain be considered a surface drain or subsurface drain? |
Subsurface |
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Would a surface drain or subsurface drain be more effective at removing water from around a foundation or retaining wall? |
Subsurface |
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Subsurface drain? Or surface drain? |
Surface |
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Surface drain or subsurface drain? |
Subsurface drain |
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Subsurface drains can be subject a major problem. What is it? |
Sediment buildup can clog drain and is hard to access for maintenance. |
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Where should Downspouts NOT be able to discharge water? |
Walkways or other surfaces that could become hazardous |
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If a downspout is fed into an underground pipe to move water away from a structure, make sure the end of the pipe is _______. |
Open ended (daylighted). |
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A grass swale is designed to |
Slow the rate of storm water and filter pollutants |
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In swales, the strategic placement of _________ encourages ponding which in turn facilitates water improvement through infiltration. |
Check dams |
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Check dam |
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Check dam |
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These are low maintenance and help with the removal of sediments, nutrients, and pollutants on a site, while also increasing stormwater infiltration and providing a aesthetically pleasing component to a site |
Grassed swale |
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Grassed swales are used to treat relatively small drainage areas of ___ acres or less. |
5 acres |
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Example of dry swale or wet swale? |
Wet swale |
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Dry swale or wet swale? |
Dry swale |
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A gravel filled trench that includes perforated pipe |
French drain |
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May also be called a curtain drain, perimeter drain, weeping tile, or agricultural drain. |
French drain |
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How does a French drain differ from typical surface drain? |
French drain collect water over the entire length of the drain, instead of at one particular spot |
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2 variations of pipe frequently used for French drains |
Corrugated or PVC |
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What is an advantage of using corrugated pipe? Using PVC pipe? |
Corrugated can be flexible PVC is stronger and more rigid |
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Whether you use PVC or corrugated pipe fore a French drain, both must be _________ at regular intervals to allow water to enter and flow through the system |
Perforated |
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For most residential applications a perforated pipe ___ inches wide in diameter should be adequate. |
4 inches |
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French drain depth |
8 inches to 2 feet deep. |
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Calculating the size of a rain garden depends on these 3 factors. |
1. How much water will be captured 2. The slope of the land 3. What kind of Soil is present |
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For a rain garden that will capture primarily rooftop water, what is the formula for figuring out the area of the rain garden? |
1.Calculate the surface of the roof 2. Determine how much of the roof is drained to the downspout that feeds your rain garden 3. Turn the percentage into a decimal then multiply by your square footage |
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What is the total drainage area? |
The combined measurements of Areas that will drain into your rain garden. (Roof drainage area + area of lawn, Walkways, driveways etc.) |
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If an area has a slope of less than 4% how deep should your rain garden be? |
3-5 inches |
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If an area has a slope between 5% and 7% then how deep should the rain garden be? |
6-7 inches |
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If an area has a slope between 8% and 12% then how deep should the rain garden be? |
8 inches |
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A method to test infiltration rate of Soil: |
Dig a hole 1 foot deep and 6" in diameter. Fill it three times, allowing the water to soak each time. Fill it a fourth time and observe how long it takes for the water to soak in. and observe how long it takes for the water to soak in. |
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When doing an infiltration test on soil how can you tell if you are working with a Sandy soil? |
The soil will drain at a rate of 1-2 inches per hour |
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When doing an infiltration test on soil how can you tell if the soil has a significant amount of clay? |
If any water is remaining after 12 hours then the soil has a significant amount of clay |
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The number one reason that rain gardens fail |
The soil becomes too compacted |
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Silt fencing |
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Silt fencing |
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What are two materials that Erosion control mats are often made of? |
Coconut Straw |
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Erosion mat |
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Erosion mat |
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Corrugated pipe |
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Perforated corrugated pipe |
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Perforated pipe |
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What permit is required when working within 30 metres of a water course or wetland? |
Water course alteration permit |
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What are the 3 ways in which slope can be expressed? |
%, ratio, gradient |
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Sun scald |
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What does GDL stand for? |
Gradient Difference In elevation Horizontal distance |