Nasm Cpt 3

Front 1

Cardiorespiratory system

Back 1

System which supplies the kinetic chain with oxygen, nutrients, protective agents, and a means to remove waste products

Front 2

Cardiovascular system

Back 2

System composed of the heart, blood, and blood vessels

Front 3

Heart

Back 3

A hollow muscular organ that pumps a circulation of blood through the body by means of rhythmic contraction

Front 4

Mediastinum

Back 4

the space in the chest between the lungs that contains all the internal organs of the chest except the lungs

Front 5

Size of fist and roughly 300 g/10 oz

Back 5

Heart size and weight

Front 6

Cardiac muscle contraction

Back 6

Fibers shorter & more tightly connected so stimulate others to contract synchronously; built in contraction rhythm & highest rhythm fibers determine rate

Front 7

Typical heart rate

Back 7

70-80 bpm

Front 8

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Back 8

Heart pacemaker in right atrium; initiates heartbeat

Front 9

Atrium (atria)

Back 9

The superior chambers of the heart that receives blood from the veins and forces it into the lower & larger chambers.

Front 10

Right atrium

Back 10

Chamber which gathers deoxygenated blood returning via the veins to the heart from the body

Front 11

Left atrium

Back 11

Superior left chamber which gathers reoxygenated blood returning via the veins to the heart from the lungs

Front 12

Ventricles

Back 12

The inferior chambers of the heart which receive blood from the corresponding superior & smaller chambers and force blood into the arteries; main pumps in the heart

Front 13

Right ventricle

Back 13

Chamber that receives deoxygenated blood from corresponding chamber and pumps it through the pulmonary artery to the lungs

Front 14

Left ventricle

Back 14

Chamber that receives reoxygenated blood from corresponding chamber and pumps it through the aorta artery to the body

Front 15

Stroke volume (SV)

Back 15

Amount of blood pumped out with each contraction of a ventricle; approximately 75-80 mL/beat

Front 16

Cardiac output (Q)

Back 16

SV x HR, stroke volume x heart rate

Front 17

Blood weight, % of body weight, volume

Back 17

Heavier than water, about 8% of total body weight, about 5L (1.5 Gal)

Front 18

Blood transports

Back 18

Oxygen and nutrients to tissues, waste products from tissues, hormones to organs and tissues, heat throughout

Front 19

Blood regulates

Back 19

Body temperature and acid balance

Front 20

Blood protects what

Back 20

One function of this material is to protect the body from excessive bleeding by clotting, contains specialized immune cells to help fight disease

Front 21

Manually monitoring heart rate

Back 21

Place index and middle fingers on thumb side of wrist about 1 in from top of wrist, using carotid causes dizziness & inaccuracy, 60 seconds for resting, 6 seconds during activity & add 0

Front 22

Arteries

Back 22

Vessels that carry blood away from the heart, more muscular

Front 23

Veins

Back 23

Vessels that carry blood towards the heart, closer to surface, contain valves to keep blood flowing towards heart

Front 24

Blood vessels

Back 24

Network of hollow tubes that circulates blood throughout the body

Front 25

Aorta

Back 25

The root systemic artery that receives oxygenated blood from the left ventricle and then branches to the upper and lower body; largest artery

Front 26

Pulmonary arteries

Back 26

Vessels that carry deoxygenated blood that has just returned from the body to the heart towards the lungs, where carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen

Front 27

Pulmonary veins

Back 27

Vessels that carry reoxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

Front 28

Superior and inferior vena cava

Back 28

2 major vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium

Front 29

Arterioles

Back 29

Small terminal branches of an artery which end in capillaries

Front 30

Capillaries

Back 30

The smallest blood vessels which connect venules with arterioles

Front 31

Venules

Back 31

Very small veins that connect capillaries to the larger veins

Front 32

Respiratory system

Back 32

System of organs (the lungs and passageways) that collects oxygen from the external environment and transports it to the bloodstream

Front 33

Respiratory pump

Back 33

The combination of skeletal structures (bones) and soft tissue (muscles and pleural membranes) located in the thoracic cavity that supports inspiration and expiration

Front 34

Inspiration

Back 34

The process of actively contracting muscles to move air into the body

Front 35

Expiration

Back 35

The process of passively relaxing (or actively contracting if heavy breathing) muscles to move air out of the body

Front 36

Respiratory bones

Back 36

Sternum, ribs, vertebrae

Front 37

Inspiratory muscles

Back 37

Normal- diaphragm, external intercostal, Deep- add scalenes, sternocleidomastoid, pectoralis minor

Front 38

Expiratory muscles

Back 38

Internal intercostals, abdominals

Front 39

Conduction passageways

Back 39

All the passageways through which air passes before entering the respiratory passageways; nasal & oral cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, right & left pulmonary bronchi, bronchioles

Front 40

Respiratory passageways

Back 40

Alveoli, alveolar sacs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged by diffusion

Front 41

Oxygen consumption (VO2) at rest

Back 41

About 3.5 mL /kg body weight/minute or 1 MET

Front 42

VO2 max

Back 42

Highest rate of oxygen consumption at maximal physical exertion, 40-80 mL/kg body weight or 11-23 METs

Front 43

Submaximal VO2 protocols

Back 43

Rockport Walk Test, Step Test, good generalizations but based on assumptions that can contribute to estimate errors

Front 44

Aerobic

Back 44

Requiring oxygen, if activity is prolonged for more than 30 seconds

Front 45

Anaerobic

Back 45

Without requiring oxygen, less than 30 seconds

Front 46

Bioenergetics

Back 46

The biology of energy transformations and exchanges within the body and between it and the environment

Front 47

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Back 47

A cellular structure that supplies energy for many biochemical cellular processes by undergoing enzymatic hydrolysis

Front 48

Oxygen

Back 48

The primary element for bodily function, necessary for activity prolonged for greater than 30 seconds

Front 49

Bioenergetic continuum

Back 49

Three main pathways that produce ATP for energy in the body; Anaerobic- phospagen (ATP-CP) & lactic acid glycolysis (fast & slow); Aerobic- aerobic glycolysis/oxidative

Front 50

Anaerobic bioenergetic pathways

Back 50

ATP-CP, lactic acid glycolytic

Front 51

Oxidative/aerobic pathway

Back 51

Bioenergetic pathway for long-term lower intensity energy expenditure, begins with activity of 30 seconds and predominates in longer duration activities lasting more than 2 minutes; breaks down carbohydrates & fats and can produce lactic acid like glycolysis

Front 52

Phospahgen system, ATP-CP (adenosine triphosphate- creatine phosphate) pathway

Back 52

Anaerobic bioenergetic pathway for high-intensity short-duration activities lasting up to about 10 seconds (2 reps, short sprint); activated at start of any activity; energy from breaking phosphate bonds

Front 53

Lactic acid glycolysis pathway

Back 53

Anaerobic pathway for moderate-to-high-intensity moderate-duration activities lasting 30-50 seconds (8-12 reps); breaks down carbohydrates (glucose) to produce ATP

Front 54

Pyruvate

Back 54

Byproduct of glycolysis; if can't be used fast enough by cell, lactic acid will build up and interfere with muscle contraction

Front 55

Shallow breathing

Back 55

Often due to stress/anxiety; if chronic, causes overuse of secondary respiratory muscles resulting in headaches, light-headedness, and dizziness causing further anxiety