Myke 5Th Grade Science Ch 16 To End

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16

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crust

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the outer layer; it is made of rock

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mantle

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the layer of rock beneath Earth's crust

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core

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center layer of Earth

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plates

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rigid blocks of crust and upper mantle rock

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magma

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molten rock from Earth's mantle

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volcano

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mountain formed by lava and ash

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earthquakes

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shaking of the ground caused by the sudden release of energy in Earth's crust

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faults

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places where pieces of the crust move

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continental drift

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the theory of how Earth's continents move over its surface

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pangea

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supercontinent containing all of Earth's land that existed 255 million years ago

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fossils

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remains or traces of past life found in some rocks

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mineral

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a natural, solid material with particles arranged in a repeating pattern

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streak

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the color of the powder left behind when you rub a mineral

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luster

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the way the surface of a mineral reflects light

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hardness

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a mineral's ability to resist being scratched

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rock

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material made of one are more minerals

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igneous

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rocks that form when melted rock hardens

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sedimentary rock

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a type of rock formed by layers of sediments that were squeezed and stuck together

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metamorphic rock

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rocks that can change the form of the minerals that make up the rock

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rock cycle

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the slow, never-ending process of rock changes

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atmosphere

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layer of air that surround Earth

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air pressure

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weight of air

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humidity

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a measure of the amount of water in the air

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precipitation

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any form of water that falls from clouds, such as rain or snow

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evaporation

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process of liquid water changing to water vapor

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condensation

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process by which a gas changes back into a liquid

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local winds

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the winds dependent upon local changes in temperature

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prevailing winds

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global winds that blow constantly from the same direction

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air mass

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a large body that has nearly the same temperature and humidity throughout

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front

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boundary between air mass

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climate

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the average of all weather conditions through all seasons over a period of time

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microclimate

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the climate of a very small area

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El Nino

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a short term climate change that occurs every two to ten years

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green house effect

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process by which the Earth's atmosphere absorbs heat

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global warming

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the hypothesized rise in Earth's average temperature from excess carbon dioxide

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salinity

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saltiness of the ocean

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water pressure

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the weight of water pressing on an object

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wave

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the up and down movement of water

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current

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a stream of water that flows like a river through the ocean

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tide

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repeated rise and fall in the level of the ocean

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shore

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the area where the ocean and land meet and interact

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headland

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a hard rocky point of land left when softer rock is washed away

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tide pool

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a pool of sea water found along a rocky shoreline

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jetty

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a wall-like structure made of rocks

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scuba

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underwater breathing equipment

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submersibles

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underwater vehicle

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sonar

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a device that uses sound waves

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desalination

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the process by which many materials move in and out of cells

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solstice

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point in Earth's orbit at which the hours of daylight are at their fewest or greatest

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equinox

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point in Earth's orbit at hours of daylight or darkness

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planets

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large round bodies that revolve around a star

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asteroids

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chunks of rock that have been described as looking like giant potatoes

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comets

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balls of ice and rock, circle the sun from two regions

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telescope

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an instrument that magnifies or make larger distant objects

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satellite

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natural body, like the moon

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space probe

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a robot vehicle used to explore deep space

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magnitude

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brightness

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main sequence

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a band of stars

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universe

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everything that exist

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galaxy

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a group of stars, gas, and dust

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light-year

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the distance light travels in one Earth year

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matter

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anything that has mass, takes up space

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physical properties

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characteristics or property

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mass

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the amount of matter in an object

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weight

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a measure of the pull of gravity

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volume

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the amount of space that an object takes up

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density

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concentration of matter in an object

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solubility

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ability of one substance to be dissolved in another substance

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solid

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definite shape and volume

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liquid

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a definite volume but no definite shape

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gas

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does not have definite shape nor volume

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evaporation

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process by which liquid changes to gas

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condensation

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process by which gas changes back to liquid

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reactivity

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ability of a substance to go through a chemical change

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combustibility

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chemical property of being able to burn

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nucleus

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very tiny center of an atom

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proton

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a subatomic particle with positive charge

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neutron

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a subatomic particle with no charge

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electron

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a subatomic particle wit negative charge

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element

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substance made up of only one kind of atom

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atom

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smallest unit of an element that has all the properties of that element

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molecule

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two or more atoms linked together

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periodic table

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table of elements in order of increasing atomic number

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compound

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a substance made of the atoms of two or more elements