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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Simple Time |
Each beat is divided evenly into groups of 2 |
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Free Metre |
When the beat cannot be divided evenly into patterns of 2 and 3 |
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Augmentation |
When the melody is stretched twice as long |
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Diminution |
When the melody is reduced twice as fast |
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Hemiola |
A rhythmic devise contrasting 3 against 2 |
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Cross Rhythm/Bi Rhythm |
The combination of two rhythms at the same time |
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Syncopation |
Emphasizing the off beat |
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Rubato |
Rhythmic flexibility by conductor |
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Polyrhythm |
Two rhythms played at the same time |
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Rhythm |
A combination of short and long sounds |
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Compound Time |
Each beat is divided into groups of 3 |
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Dissonant |
Notes when sounded together are harsh |
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Consonant |
Notes that sound pleasant together |
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Drone |
Repeated or sustained notes throughout a piece of music |
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Perfect Cadence |
From 5th to 1st chord Sounds complete |
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Imperfect Cadence |
Chord 1 to Chord 5 Sounds incomplete or unfinished |
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Interrupted Cadence |
Chord 5 to Chord 6 Sounds deceptive |
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Plagal Cadence |
Chord 4 to Chord 1 Sounds like Amen |
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Tierce de Picardie |
Music in minor ending in major |
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Major 7th Chord |
The major chord with an added major 7th above the root of the chord |
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Minor 7th chord |
A minor chord with an added minor 7th above the root of the chord |
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Diatonic |
All the noted in music come from the same scale or key signature |
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Chromatic |
Notes in the same music do not belong to the same scale |
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Modal Tonality |
The notes of a melody don't come from a major or minor scale |
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Modulation to the dominant |
Changing key signature starting on the fifth note of the current scale |
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Homophonic Texture |
The harmony has the same rhythm as the melody but uses different pitches |
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Polyphonic Texture |
Two or more melodies at the same time. |
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Imitation |
Where one part echoes the rhythm and pitch of another part of the music |
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Canon |
Separate entrances of the same melody one after eachother |
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Antiphonal |
Two or more groups perform different parts alternatively |
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Conjunct |
Stepwise Motion |
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Disjunct |
Leaps in the melody |
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Whole Tone Scale |
Every note in the scale is one whole tone apart |
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Sequence |
A short musical phase in repeat one pitch higher or lower |
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Glissando |
Quickly changing notes down the scale so all the notes blend together |
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Ornamentation |
Decorative notes that enhance the melody |
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Phrasing |
The flow of a musical phrase - like a sentence |
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Reverb |
An artificial sense of echo |
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Distortion |
A distorted audio signal from a poor electronic connection |
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Chorus |
A studio effect used to thicken a recorded sound |
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EQ - Equalisation |
Adjusting and controlling the frequency of sound focusing on treble and bass |
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Vibrato |
Adding a slight ripple effect to a long note |
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Falsetto |
When a man sings a high voice |
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Con Arco |
When you use a bow to vibrate the strings |
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Pizzicato |
When you pluck the strings with your fingers |
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Con Sordino |
When you use a mute |
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Double Stopping |
Where you bow two strings at the same timme |
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Sonato |
An instrument solo |
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Interval |
Gap in pitch between two notes |
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Triadic Melodies |
Notes from a triad (3 note chord) |
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Pentatonic Scale |
A Five note scale |
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Blues Notes |
Flatterned notes of a blues scale that often slide up or down |
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Mordent |
3 notes starting and ending on the same note with the middle note either a step higher or lower |
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Sforzando (sf) |
Suddenly very loud |
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Soprano |
A high pitched female voice |
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Tenor |
A high male voice |
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Alto |
A low female voice |
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Vibrato (vocal) |
A slight wavering of a pitch used by singers and musicians |
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Tremelo |
Rapid up and down movements of the bow on strings |
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Compression |
Quietest sounds are boosted and loudest are loudered so the recording us evened out |
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Vocodor |
Device used to electronically combine a human voice with a musical intrument |
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Binary |
AB |
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Ternary |
ABA |
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Rondo |
A main theme returning between contrasting sections ABACADA etc. |
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Theme and Variations |
Starting a piece with a main theme which is then repeated several times |
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Arch Shape |
When the form is symmetrical ABCBA |
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Cyclic Form |
Constant repetition of a fixed number of beats or melodic pattern. These patterns can be repeated and developed through improvisation or changes in texture and dynamics. Common in Africa, India and Asia |
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Ground Bass |
A melody in the lowest part that is repeated through out the music |
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Continuo/Basso Continuo |
When the bass instrument fills out harmonies |
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Pedal Note |
A sustained or repeated note in the bass. The harmony of the top of a medal must chanhe while the pedal stays the same |
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Fugue |
A polyphonic piece where each part enters with the same tune at different pitches and develops each one independently |
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Concerto |
A piece of classical music for a soloist accompanied by an orchestra. Usually has three movements fast-slow-fast |
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Concerto Grosso |
A small group of soloists |
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Strophic |
When the same tune is repeated throughout each verse |
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Through-composed |
When new music occurs for each verse changing to reflect different methods or situations described in the lyrics |
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Aria |
A soli singer sings a melody with orchestral accompaniment. Found in operas |
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Largo |
Broadyly 40-60bpm |
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Adagio |
Slow and Stately 66-76bpm |
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Adante |
Walking Pace 76-108bpm |
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Moderato |
Moderately 108-120 |
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Allegro |
Fast 120-168 |
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Presto |
Very Fast 168 + |
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Vivace |
Fast and Lively |
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Cadenza |
An improvised solo written towards the end of a concerto movement |
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Atonal |
Music that uses all 12 notes of the chromatic scale equally |
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Contrapuntal Motion |
General movement of two melodic lines |
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Anacrusis |
One or more unstressed notes before the first line of a piece or passage |
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Acciaccatura |
Played as quickly as possible before the note that follows it |
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Appoggiatura |
Leans on the main note taking part of its value |
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Tonal Music |
Major or minor key |
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Modal Music |
Music in a mode (seven note scale) |
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Tonic |
Chord built on the first note of the scale |
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Sub-dominant |
Chord built on the forth note of the scale |
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Dominant |
Chord built on the fifth note of a scale |
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Dominant Seventh |
When a seventh is added to a chord
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Relative minor |
Three semitones down (to the left) from the major key |
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What is timbre |
The instruments playing |
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Modulation |
To change key/tonality |
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Portamento |
A pitch sliding from one note to another |
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Inversion |
To move the lowest note in a group an octave higher |