Music Appreciation: Classical Period

Front 1

The transitional style which combined Baroque and Classical characteristics in early eighteenth century France was known as

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the Rococo style

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All of the following are characteristics of Rococo visual arts except:
a. ornamentation became even more ornate
b. manners and dress became even more elaborate than in the 17th century
c. there was a move to Neoclassicism in the visual arts during the latter part of the 18th century
d. Rococo art was designed to edify or improve rather than to amuse and entertain

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T. ornamentation became even more ornate
T. manners and dress became even more elaborate than in the 17th century
T. there was a move to Neoclassicism in the visual arts during the latter part of the 18th century
F. Rococo art was designed to edify or improve rather than to amuse and entertain

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The French aristocracy moved away from the formal and austere court at Versailles to the intimate ________ salons and comfortable country lodges.

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Paris

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Which of the following best describes the social life of the French aristocracy during the reign of the Duke of Orleans?
a. Audience welcomed the complexity and challenge of Baroque fugues
b. France was a secular, materialistic society marked by loose morals and the pursuit of pleasure
c. The noble classes wanted to correct social injustice and inequality
d. Dress and manners became more simple, modest, and "natural"

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b. France was a secular, materialistic society marked by loose morals and the pursuit of pleasure

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All of the following are characteristics of Rococo art except
a. beautiful ornaments were made from many different materials
b. tapestry art reached its peak during this period
c. furniture was beautifully made, but uncomfortable and of little use
d. paintings portrayed elegant men and women in idyllic pastoral surroundings

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c. furniture was beautifully made, but uncomfortable and of little use

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The texture of Rococo music was generally

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homophonic

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In France, the most important composer of the Rococo period was

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Francois Couperin

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In Italy, the most important composer of the Rococo period was

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Domenico Scarlatti

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Both Domenico Scarlatti and Francois Couperin were well known as composers of

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keyboard works

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Germany introduced a style similar to the French Rococo -- the __________ style.

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sensitive

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Unlike the French Rococo, the German sensitive style represented _______ taste.

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middle-class

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The most famous composer in the German sensitive style was

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Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach

Front 13

From about _______, democratic, republican, and revolutionary causes affected every phase of European life and art.

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1750-1825

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The two outstanding Classical composers of the late 18th century were

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Haydn and Mozart

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The musical center of the Classical style, and the city where Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven all lived and worked was

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Vienna

Front 16

The term classical is an ambiguous word that has aquired all of the following meanings except:
a. referring to the arts of ancient Greece and Rome
b. describing an objective, emotionally restrained approach to art as opposed to the subjective "romantic" style
c. referring to a work of art that is new, innovative, and sure to become popular
d. referring to the music of Haydn and Mozart's period

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c. referring to a work of art that is new, innovative, and sure to become popular

Front 17

Which of the following characteristics of the late eighteenth century's artistic style renders the term Classical particularly applicable to the period?
a. frequent references to the arts of Greece and Rome
b. concern with clarity of form
c. a quality of emotional restraint characteristic of the most important works of the period
d. all of the above

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d. all of the above

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The goals of the Enlightenment included all of the following except:
a. to use reason to improve the quality of life
b. to encourage mystic, supernatural, and religious beliefs
c. to promote religious tolerance
d. to replace political abuse with social justice

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b. to encourage mystic, supernatural, and religious beliefs

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It was the French who articulated and defended the ideas that led to the Age of Reason, but they freely acknowledged their debt to the English for pointing the way toward the intellectual movement called the

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Enlightenment

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The greatest painter of mid-eighteenth-century France was

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J. B. S. Chardin

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Jacques-Louis David was a _____ artist whose revolutionary sympathies imbued his later works with romantic characteristics.

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neoclassic

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The English artist _____ was a moralist, but he tempered his visual sermons with satire and caustic wit.

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William Hogarth

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One of England's greatest painters during this period, _____, preferred to paint the rich and the elegant, stressing line over color in the classical manner.

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Sir Joshua Reynolds

Front 24

Who made the likenesses of Franklin, Jefferson, and Washington on United States coins?

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Houdon

Front 25

The influence of the eighteenth-century neoclassical style on the United States is expressed in the language and tone of the

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Declaration of Independence

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______ was designed in the 1790's to become a city of neoclassical buildings, grassy parks, and long, wide avenues.

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Washington D. C.

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In literature, the 18th century was an age of ____ more than poetry.

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prose

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During the 18th century, the ____ theater was of unprecedented importance.

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English

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During the 18th century, Marianne von Martinez studied with the famous composer, _____, and later composed a large number of full-length works.

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Franz Joseph Haydn

Front 30

Which Classical composer accepted the social and artistic restrictions of court employment?

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Haydn

Front 31

All of the following were characteristics of Classical music except:
a. composeres embraced Baroque intensity of religious feeling
b. classicists found beauty in order and symmetry of design
crescendos were used, and were longer and more expressive
d. instrumental music clearly dominated the Classical period

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a. composeres embraced Baroque intensity of religious feeling

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During the Classical period, the predominant texture was

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homophony

Front 33

Among the most famous early American musical pioneers who wrote and organized compositions were ______ and Daniel Read.

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William Billings

Front 34

During the late 18th century, professional musicians in the United States were almost entirely

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immigrants from Europe

Front 35

Who invented the glass harmonica?

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Benjamin Franklin

Front 36

During the Classical period, although Italy continued to dominate the world of opera, the main centers of muscial activity moved north to the following cities except:
a. Berlin
b. Vienna
c. Mannheim
d. Paris

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d. Paris

Front 37

The overall design of a work is called its

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form

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The three outstanding composers of the Classical period were

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Mozart, Haydn, and Beethoven

Front 39

Among instrumental forms, the _____ experienced the greatest development and offered composers the widest field for creativity during during the mid- 1700's.

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symphony

Front 40

Classical composers changed the orchestra in all of the following ways except:
a. narrowing the Baroque conception of the orchestra
b. standardizing the number of instruments used
c. determining certain proportions of wind instruments to strings
d. eventually dropping the harpsichord from the ensemble

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a. narrowing the Baroque conception of the orchestra

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In the middle of the 18th century, the German city of _____ developed an outstanding orchestra which attracted attention throughout western Europe.

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Mannheim

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The Mannheim orchestra achieved all of the following except:
a. soft pianissimos
b. loud fortissimos
c. terraced dynamics
d. gradual dynamics

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c. terraced dynamics

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_____, an early master of the symphonic form, was employed as acourt composer by the same noble family for nearly thirty years.

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Franz Joseph Haydn

Front 44

The Classical composers expanded the Baroque concept of multimovement compositions by

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standardizing the number of movements for certain types of works

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A ______ is a multimovement work played by an orchestra and originally based on the Italian overture consisting of three movements (fast-slow-fast).

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symphony?

Front 46

A Classical concerto usually has ______ movements.

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3

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A Classical concerto usually had at least one passage, called a _____, which was improvised by the soloist alone.

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cadenza

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Where does the cadenza usually occur in a concerto?

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toward the end of a movement

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The end of the improvised solo passage in a concerto is often indicated by a _____, which summons the orchestra to join in bringing the movement to a close.

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trill

Front 50

Music performed by a relatively small number of people in a small room is called _____ music.

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chamber

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Most Classical chamber ensembles consisted of several instruments belonging to

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the same family

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The most popular Classical small ensemble was the

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string quartet

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The Classical string quartet consisted of

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two violins, viola, and cello

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In a Classical string quartet, the person playing _____ serves as the leader of the group.

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first violin

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A Classical string quartet usually consists of ______ movements.

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four

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Another Classical multimovement composition to be "sounded" by one or two instruments is called a

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sonata

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All of the following were common forms in the Classical period except:
a. sonata-allegro form
b. rondo form
c. minuet and trio
d. toccata-allegro form

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d. toccata-allegro form

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The three main sections of the Classical sonata-allegro form are the

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exposition, development, and recapitulation

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The most significant difference between the exposition and the recapitulation in sonata-allegro form is that

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the exposition changes key but the recapitulation does not

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An extended closing section in the Classical sonata-allegro form is called the

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coda

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The third movement of many Classical symphonies, sonatas, and string quartets is a

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minuet and trio

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One form of a Classical rondo is

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ABACA

Front 63

Born in a German state and educated in Prague and Vienna, ______ spent four years studying and composing operas in Italy and was responsible for the reform opera.

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Christoph Willibald Gluck

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Gluck proposed to ______ serious opera by imposing Classical restraint upon it.

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reform

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Gluck was impressed by a famous French Baroque composer, Jean-Philippe Rameau, who attempted with some success to integrate ______ into the drama of his works.

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ballet

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Gluck wrote the first reform opera, which was

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Orfeo and Euridice

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In his reform operas, Gluck did all o the following except:
a. writing music to serve, rather than dominate, the drama
b. including many da capo arias because of their intense dramatic quality
c. designing the overture as an integral part of the opera
d. lessening the difference between aria and recitative, keeping both simple and natural.

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b. including many da capo arias because of their intense dramatic quality

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The introductory orchestra piece of an opera is called the

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overture

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Gluck responded to a statement made by ______ that the French language was entirely unsuited to singing by effectively setting a French libretto to music.

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Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Front 70

Light in mood and concerned with everyday characters and events, _____ operas developed in several countries during the 18th century.

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Comic

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The first comic opera was ______, written by Giovanni Battista Pergolesi.

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La Serva Padrona

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The opera buffa inroduced the ensemble ______ to bring an act or an opera to a musically and dramatically exciting close.

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finale

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One of history's most tragic figures, ______, began his performing career as a child prodigy.

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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

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Although Mozart had a short life that was marked by financial difficulties,

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he delighted his audiences and was highly paid for his services

Front 75

All of the following are true about Mozart's operas except:
a. he felf that music was the supreme element of opera
b. he wrote comic operas, serious operas, and a Singspiel
c. some of his operas combine elements of the serious and comic styles
d. classical restraint and proportion are often abandoned

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d. classical restraint and proportion are often abandoned

Front 76

The following were all true of Classical religious music except:
a. the fugal style of Bach was considered inappropriate for the church
b. expressive passages in homophonic texture were used
c. lyrical melodies similar to those in bel canto opera were used
d. the orchestra was very important, with many vocal sections based on instrumental forms of the Baroque and Classical periods

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a. the fugal style of Bach was considered inappropriate for the church

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Just before he died, Mozart composed a ______, the mass performed for a funeral or memorial services.

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Requiem