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97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Nickname for Tibialis Anterior and Fibularis Longus=
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"stirrup muscles"
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Tibialis Anterior is commonly strengthened to aid in rehabilitation after what injury is healed?
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inversion sprain
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"tibialis" + "ante" means what in Latin?
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"before" + "shinbone"
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Tibialis Anterior 2 ORIGINS=
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tibia: proximal 1/2 of lateral shaft
interosseus membrane, *possibly lateral condyle of tibia too |
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Tibialis Anterior INSERTIONS=
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sole of foot:
metatarsal 1 cuneiform 1 (plantar surface) |
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Tibialis Anterior actions?
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ankle: dorsiflexion
foot: invertion |
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What nerve innervates the Tibialis Anterior?
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deep peroneal nerve
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Extensor Digitorum Longus can act on what six parts of the body? What are its actions?
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toes 2-5: extension
ankle: dorsiflexion foot: eversion |
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Extensor Digitorum Longus ORIGINS (4)=
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fibula: inferior head
fibula: proximal 2/3 shaft tibia: lateral condyle interosseus membrane |
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Extensor Digitorum Longus INSERTIONS:
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toes 2-5: middle phalanges
toes 2-5: distal phalanges too! |
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Extensor Digitorum Brevis acts on what three parts of the body? What are its actions?
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toes 2-4: extension
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Extensor Digitorum Brevis ORIGIN(s)=
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calcaneus
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Extensor Digitorum Brevis INSERTION(s)=
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tendons of E.D.Longus to toes 2-4
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Individual X may be missing in the Extensor Digitorum muscles, especially which one?
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tendons (fifth phalanx tendon is only occasionally present)
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Extensor Hallucis Longus actions?
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ankle: dorsiflexion
great toe: extension |
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Extensor Hallucis Longus ORIGIN(s)=
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fibula: anterior shaft (mid-shaft)
interosseus membrane |
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Extensor Hallucis Longus INSERTION(s)=
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great toe: distal phalanx
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What nerve innervates the Extensor Hallucis Longus?
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deep peroneal nerve innervates the EHL
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Fibularis Longus is also known as... ?
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Peroneus Longus
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Which muscle's tendon now lies behind the lateral malleolus but originally lay in front of it?
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Peroneus Longus (Fibularis Longus)
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What is unusual about Peroneus Longus that relates to predator animals?
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In predators, the tendon of this muscle lies in front of the lateral malleolus whereas in humans the tendon lies behind this bone.
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Does the human Fibularis Longus tendon run behind or in front of the lateral malleolus?
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behind it
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What is "fibula" in Greek?
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"pin"
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What are the actions of the Fibularis Longus?
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foot: eversion
ankle: plantar flexion |
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Plant-a-flower and Dig-up-a-flower can help me remember which two actions of which body part?
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Ankle:
Plantar flexion creates a straight line from knee to foot (plant flower here) Dorsiflexion is the opposite (dig up flower) |
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What nerve innervates the Fibularis Longus?
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superficial peroneal nerve
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2 ORIGINS of the Peroneus Longus?
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fibula: head
fibula: shaft (lateral proximal 1/2) |
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INSERTION(s) of the Fibularis Longus?
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metatarsal 1
cuneiform 1 (plantar surface) |
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Which muscle is also known as the Fibularis Brevis?
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Peroneal Brevis
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Fibularis Brevis INSERTION(s)=
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metatarsal 5
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Peroneal Brevis ORIGIN(s)=
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fibula: shaft (lateral distal half)
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What nerve innervates the Fibularis Brevis?
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superficial peroneal nerve
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What two actions can the Peroneal Brevis do?
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foot: eversion
ankle: plantarflexion |
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The muscles that run on top of the ankle can act as which: dorsiflexors or plantar flexors?
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Dorsiflexors
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"treis" + "sura" relates to which leg muscles and translates to what? Which upper extremity muscle has similarities?
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"three calves"
Soleus Gastrocnemius Plantaris. These three share a common tendon and are seen as the Triceps Brachii of the lower extremity. |
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Which muscles make up the superficial layer of the posterior leg and help to move us forward?
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Triceps Surae muscles: Gastrocnemius - Soleus - and Plantaris.
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"gaster" + "kneme" means what?
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gaster = belly
kneme = leg Gastrocnemius = belly of the leg |
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Gastrocnemius ORIGIN(s)=
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femur: lateral epicondyle
femur: medial epicondyle |
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Gastrocnemius INSERTION(s)=
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calcaneus
via the Achilles tendon (aka calcaneal tendon) |
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What muscle is also known as the "toe dancer's muscle"? Why?
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Gastrocnemius because it helps a ballerina stand on her toes.
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What are two actions of the Gastrocnemius?
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ankle: plantar flexion
knee: flexion |
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What nerve innervates the Gastrocnemius? Is it the peroneal or the tibial?
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tibial nerve
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Occasionally the Gastrocnemius will have attachment sites where?
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knee: joint capsule (origins)
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What two joints' actions cannot be performed at the same time and by which leg muscle?
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knee flexion
ankle plantar flexion by the Gastrocnemius |
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What is the Latin word for "sole"?
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planta
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What muscle is regarded as a mini-Gastrocnemius and is missing in 10% of cadavers?
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Plantaris
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What muscle's tendon is grafted for use in hand reconstruction?
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Plantaris tendon
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Plantaris ORIGIN(s)=
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femur: lateral epicondyle
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What leg muscle originates at the lateral condyle?
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Popliteus
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Plantaris INSERTION(s)=
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calcaneus
via the Achilles tendon |
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Which three leg muscles share the insertion of the calcaneous? What tendon leads to this insertion?
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Gastrocnemius Soleus & Plantaris
Achilles or calcaneal tendon |
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What leg muscle resembles a fish?
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Soleus
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Does the Soleus muscle insert on the sole of the foot or act as a plantar flexor?
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plantar flexor
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Soleus ORIGIN(s)=
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fibula: superior posterior 1/3 shaft
tibia: soleal line |
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What is the INSERTION of the Soleus? Does it share this insertion with another muscle?
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calcaneous via the Achilles tendon along with the Gastrocnemius and Plantaris.
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What nerve innervates the Soleus?
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tibial nerve
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What is the Latin word for "sole of the foot"?
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Solea
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Tibialis Posterior actions?
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foot: inversion
ankle: plantar flexion |
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Soleus actions?
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ankle: plantar flexion
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Which nerve innervates the Tibialis Posterior?
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tibial nerve
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Which Tibialis muscle may be completely absent?
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Tibialis Posterior
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What are the ORIGINS of the Tibialis Posterior?
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tibia: posterior shaft
fibula: posterior shaft interosseus membrane |
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Tibialis Posterior INSERTION(s)=
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tarsals and metatarsal bases 2-4
The tendon runs medially to insert: navicular (tuberosity) cuneiforms 1-2-3 cuboid calcaneous navicular metatarsals 2-3-4 (bases) |
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Flexor Digitorum Longus ORIGIN(s)=
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tibia: posterior shaft (mid-shaft)
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The flexors of the X run along the anterior side of the body and the flexors of the Y run along the posterior side.
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Wrist flexors run anteriorly while ankle flexors run posteriorly
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Wrist extensors run anteriorly/posteriorly?
Ankle extensors run anteriorly/posteriorly? |
Wrist extensors run posteriorly and ankle extensors run anteriorly.
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What nerve innervates the Flexor Digitorum Longus?
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tibial nerve
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Where does the Flexor Digitorum Longus end?
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toes 2-5: distal phalanges (plantar surface on bottom of foot)
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Plantar surface refers to what?
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Sole of foot
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Dorsal surface of foot refers to what area?
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the top of the foot
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Palmar area refers to the plantar or dorsal side of the hand?
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Neither. The palmar area is the anterior surface of the hand (as opposed to the dorsal surface or back of the hand)
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Actions of the Flexor Digitorum Longus:
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digits 2-5: flexes all phalangeal joints (MP- PIP- DIP)
ankle: plantar flexion foot: inversion |
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Flexor Hallucis Longus 2 ORIGINS=
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fibula: posterior shaft (mid-shaft)
interosseus membrane |
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Flexor Hallucis Longus INSERTION(s)=
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great toe: distal phalanx (plantar surface)
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3 Flexor Hallucis Longus actions?
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great toe: flexion
ankle: plantar flexion foot: inversion and supports the longitudinal arch |
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Which nerve innervates the Flexor Hallucis Longus?
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tibial nerve
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Which muscle supports the longitudinal arch of the foot?
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Flexor Hallucis Longus (* may be others too?)
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The mnemonic phrase "Tom Dick An' Harry have the nerve to pass my Mom" reminds us of what fact?
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Corresponds to the initials of the tendons and vessels in the order that they pass by the medial malleosus:
Tibialis posterior is the most anterior, followed by flexor Digitorum, the tibial Artery, tibial Nerve, and then flexor Hallucis. |
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Name 8 muscles that can plantar flex the ankle?
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1) the flexors
Flexor Digitorum Longus and Flexor Hallucis Longus 2) the "triceps surae" walking muscles: Plantaris Gastrocnemius & Soleus 3) The evertors: Fibularis (or Peroneus) Longus & Brevis 4) the posterior biggie left: Tibialis Posterior |
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Which muscles of ankle and foot movement are missing in this list?
Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Hallucis Longus Fibularis Longus/Brevis * Tibialis Anterior/Posterior Gastrocnemius Soleus Plantaris * aka Peroneus Longus/Brevis |
Extensor Digitorum Brevis
Extensor Hallucis Brevis Flexor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Hallucis Brevis + more intrinsic toe muscles: Adductor Hallucis Abductor Hallucis Abductor Digiti Minimi Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Dorsal Interossei Plantar Interossei Lumbricals |
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What two muscles are responsible for ankle dorsiflexion?
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Tibialis Anterior
Extensor Hallucis Longus |
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What four muscles are responsible for foot inversion?
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Tibialis Anterior
Tibialis Posterior Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Hallucis Longus |
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In what action do the two Tibialis muscles work as synergists?
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foot: inversion
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In what two actions do the Tibialis muscles work as antagonists to one another?
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ankle dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
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The X and Y are slender muscles located along the lateral side of the leg
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Peroneus (or Fibularis) Longus and Brevis
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The three extensors of the ankles and toes are layered together on the (anterior/posterior) leg and the (plantar/dorsal) surface of the foot, and are named what?
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Extensor Digitorum Longus
Extensor Hallucis Longus Tibialis Anterior anterior leg dorsal surface of foot |
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Which three muscles with a common action lie deep to the Gastrocnemius and Soleus on the posterior leg?
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Ankle flexors:
Tibialis Posterior Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Hallucis Longus |
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Which is superficial to the other, Peroneus (Fibularis) Longus or Brevis?
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Peroneus Longus
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Which muscle is called the "second heart" because of its role in returning blood from the leg to the heart?
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Soleus
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What leg muscle has a short belly but the longest tendon in the body?
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Plantaris
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What is the deepest muscle of the posterior knee which has its origin on the lateral condyle of the femur?
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Popliteus
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Which leg muscles attach to the interosseus membrane?
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Tibialis Anterior
Tibialis Posterior Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus Flexor Hallucis Longus* *some texts vary |
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Which leg muscles insert on metatarsal 1?
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Tibialis Anterior
Fibularis Longus |
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Which leg muscles attach to both the tibia and fibula?
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Extensor Digitorum Longus
Tibialis Posterior |
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What tendons and ligaments attach which thigh muscles to the proximal tibia?
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ANTERIOR TIBIA:
IT band: Tensor Fascia Lata - Gluteus Maximus Pens Anserius: Sartorius - Gracilis - Semitendinosus Patellar Ligament: Quadriceps Femoris (Rectus Fem + Vasti) POSTERIOR TIBIA: Semimembranosus Popliteus (leg muscle) |
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What tendons/ligaments attach which thigh muscles to the proximal fibula?
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Biceps Femoris tendon (lateral surface of superior fibular head)
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What muscles that originate above the ankle insert on the fifth metatarsal?
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Peroneus Brevis
Peroneus Tertius* *muscle not in Salvo's text |