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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Structural classification:joints named according to...
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1.Type of connective tissue (fibrous or cartilaginous)
2. Presence of fluid filled joint-capsule |
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Functional classification:Joints named according to degree of movement
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1.Synarthroses (immovable)
2.Amphiarthroses (slightly movable) 3.Diarthrosis (freely moving) |
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Parallel muscles
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long straplike muscles with parallel fasicles
ex. Rectis adominis |
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Convergent muscles
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fascicles that radiate out from a small to wider point of attachment
ex. Pectoralis major |
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Pennate muscles
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"feather like" fascicles attach in feather like formation
1.Unipennate 2.Bipennate 3.Multipennate |
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Fusiform muscles
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fascicles converge to tendon on both ends and have "belly/pregnant" center
ex.Brachioradialis |
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Spiral muscles
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Fascicles spiral/twist between attachments
ex.Latissimus dorsi |
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Circular muscles
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circular form
ex.Oricularis oris (around mouth) |
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Origin
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Point of attachment that does not move when the muscle contracts
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Insertion
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Point of attachment that moves when the muscle contracts
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Prime Mover
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a muscle that directly performs a specific movement
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Agonists
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any "mover" muscle that directly performs a movement, including the prime mover
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Antagonist
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muscles that, when contracting, directly oppose prime movers; relax while the prime mover (agonist)is contracting to produce movement; provide precision and control during contraction of prime movers
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Synergists
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muscles that contract at the same time as the prime movers; facilitate prime mover actions to produce a more efficient movement
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Fixator muscles
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joint stabilizers (type of synergist)
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4 components of muscle lever systems
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1.Rigid bar (bone)
2.Fulcrum (joint) 3.Load that is moved 4.Pull that produces movement (muscle contraction) |
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First class levers
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fulcrum lies between pull and load
ex.tilting head back (L-face,P-back of head,F-Neck) Not abundant in human body |
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Second class levers
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load lies between pull and fulcrum
ex.lifting heel (L-tibia,P-calf muscle,F-ball of foot) |
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Third class levers
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pull lies between fulcrum and load
ex.lifting weight (L-weight,P-forearm muscles,F-elbow) |