Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
chimera
|
Hybrid molecule that includes DNA from more than one source
|
|
deoxyribonuclease (DNAase)
|
Enzyme that cuts or degrades DNA
|
|
endonuclease
|
Enzyme that cleaves nucleic acid molecule in the middle
|
|
exonuclease
|
Enzyme that cleaves nucleic acid molecule at the end and usually removes just a single nucleotide
|
|
modification enzyme
|
Enzyme that binds to the DNA at the same recognition site as the corresponding restriction enzyme but methylates the DNA
|
|
nuclease
|
Enzyme that cuts or degrades nucleic acids
|
|
restriction enzyme
|
Type of endonuclease that cuts double stranded DNA at a specific sequence of bases, the recognition site
|
|
ribonuclease (RNase)
|
Enzyme that cuts or degrades RNA
|
|
isoschizomers
|
Restriction enzymes from different species that share the same recognition sequence
|
|
type I restriction enzyme
|
Type of restriction enzyme that cuts the DNA a thousand or more base pairs away from the recognition site
|
|
blunt ends
|
Ends of a double-stranded DNA molecule that are fully base paired and have no unpaired single-stranded overhang
|
|
DNA ligase
|
Enzyme that joins DNA fragments covalently, end to end
|
|
sticky ends
|
Ends of a double-stranded DNA molecule that have unpaired single-stranded overhangs, generated by a staggered cut
|
|
type II restriction enzyme
|
Type of restriction enzyme that cuts the DNA in the middle of the recognition site
|
|
Le Chatelier's Principle
|
If stress is placed on a system at equilibrium the equilibrium shifts in order the counteract the effects of the stress and regain equilibrium
|
|
T4 ligase
|
Type of DNA ligase from bacteriophage T4 and which is capable of ligating blunt ends
|
|
gene cassette
|
Deliberately designed segment of DNA that is flanked by convenient restriction sites and usually carries a gene for resistance to an antibiotic or some other easily observed character
|
|
cloning vector
|
Any molecule of DNA that can replicate itself inside a cell and is used for carrying cloned genes or segments of DNA. Usually a small multi-copy plasmid or modified virus
|
|
restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)
|
A difference in restriction sites between two related DNA molecules that results in production of restriction fragments of different lengths
|
|
amp gene
|
Gene conveying resistance to ampicillin and related antibiotics and encoding beta-lactamase. Same as bla gene
|
|
ampicilin
|
A widely used antibiotic of the penicillin family
|
|
beta-lactamase (Beta-lactamase) (NOTE: Beta is the actual Greek character)
|
Enzyme that degrades beta-lactam antibiotics, including penicillins and cephalosporins
|
|
bla gene
|
Gene conveying resistance to ampicillin and related antibiotics and encoding beta-lactamase. Same as amp gene.
|
|
ColEI plasmid
|
Small multi-copy plasmid of Escherichia coli that forms the basis of many cloning vectors widely used in molecular biology
|
|
multiple cloning site (MCS)
|
A stretch of artificially synthesized DNA that contains cut sites for seven or eight widely used restriction enzymes.
|
|
polylinker
|
A stretch of artificially synthesized DNA that contains cut sites for seven or eight widely used restriction enzymes. Same as multiple cloning site (MCS)
|
|
alpha complementation
|
Assembly of functional Beta-galactosidase from N-terminal alpha fragment plus rest of protein
|
|
alpha fragment
|
N-terminal fragment of Beta-galactosidase
|
|
beta-galactosidase
|
Enzyme that cleaves lactose and other beta-galactosides so releasing galactose
|
|
blue/white screening
|
Screening procedure based on insertional inactivation of the gene for Beta-galactosidase
|
|
insertional inactivation
|
Inactivation of a gene by inserting a foreign segment of DNA into the middle of the coding sequence
|
|
X-gal
|
Chromogenic substrate that is split by Beta-galactosidase so releasing an insoluble blue dye
|
|
centromere (Cen) sequence
|
Sequence at centromere of eukaryotic chromosome that is needed for correct partition of chromosomes during cell division
|
|
shuttle vector
|
A vector that can survive in and be moved between more than one type of host cell
|
|
bacteriophage lambda
|
Virus of E. coli with both lytic and lysogenic alternatives to its life cycle, which is widely used as a cloning vector
|
|
cos sequences (lambda cohesive ends)
|
Complementary 12 bp long overhangs found at each end of the linear form of the lambda genome
|
|
in vitro packaging
|
procedure in which virus proteins are mixed with DNA in vitro to assemble infectious virus particles. Often used for packaging recombinant DNA into bacteriophage lambda
|
|
cosmid
|
Small multi-copy plasmid that carries lambda cos sites and can carry around 45 kb of cloned DNA
|
|
bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)
|
Single copy vector based on the F-plasmid of E. coli that carry very long inserts of DNA. Widely used in the human genome project.
|
|
yeast artificial chromosome (YAC)
|
Single copy vector based on yeast chromosome that can carry very long inserts of DNA. Widely used in the human genome project.
|
|
DNA library
|
Collection of cloned segments of DNA that is big enough to contain at least one copy of every gene from a particular organism. Same as gene library
|
|
Gene library
|
Collection of cloned segments of DNA that is big enough to contain at least one copy of every gene from a particular organism. Same as DNA library
|
|
P1 artificial chromosome (PAC)
|
Single copy vector based on the P1-phage/plasmid of E. coli that can carry very long inserts of DNA
|
|
antibody
|
Protein made by the immune system to recognized and bind to foreign proteins or other macromolecules
|
|
immunological screening
|
Screening procedure that relies on the specific binding of antibodies to the target protein.
|
|
target DNA
|
DNA that is the target for binding by a probe during hybridization or the target for amplification by PCR.
|
|
complementary DNA (cDNA)
|
DNA copy of a gene that lacks introns and therefore consists solely of the coding sequence. Made by reverse transcription of mRNA
|
|
oligo(dT)
|
Stretch of single-stranded DNA consisting solely of dT or deoxythymidine residues
|
|
oligo(U)
|
Stretch of single-stranded RNA consisting solely of U or uridine residues
|
|
cDNA library
|
Collection of genes in there cDNA form, lacking introns.
|
|
chromosome walking
|
Method of cloning neighboring regions of a chromosome by successive cycles of hybridization using overlapping probes
|
|
Dmd gene
|
Gene responsible for Duchenne muscular dystrophy
|
|
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
|
One of several inherited diseases affecting muscle function
|
|
subtractive hybridization
|
Technique used to remove unwanted DNA or RNA by hybridization so leaving behind the DNA or RNA molecule of interest.
|
|
bacteriophage T7
|
A bacteriophage that infects E. coli whose promoters are only recognized by its own RNA polymerase
|
|
cI gene
|
Gene encoding the lambda repressor cI protein
|
|
cI protein
|
Lambda repressor protein responsible for maintaining bacteriophage lambda in the lysogenic state
|
|
expression vector
|
Vector specifically designed to place a cloned gene under control of a plasmid-borne promoter
|
|
lambda left promotor (PL)
|
One of the promoters repressed by binding of the lambda repressor or cI protein
|
|
lambda repressor (cI protein)
|
repressor protein responsible for maintaining bacteriophage lambda in the lysogenic state
|