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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Perpetual (inexhaustible) resources |
Solarenergy |
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Nonrenewableresources |
resource of economic value that cannot be readily replaced by natural means on a level equal to its consumption |
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Recyclableresources |
reusable resources |
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Renewable resources /Replenishable resources |
resource which is replaced naturally and can be used again |
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Critical flow resource |
effectively nonrenewable because of mismanagement
Rateof withdrawal > rate of replenishment |
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Systems,inputs vs. outputs |
As we use a resource, we are taking froma stock, is applicable to renewable & non-renewable |
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Commonproperty resources |
oceans,parks, owned by all of us |
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Rock |
solidaggregation of minerals, tightly compacted or held together by cement-likematerial or by interlocking grains (bunch of minerals stuck together, i.e book |
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Minerals |
naturally occurring solid inorganicchemical element or compound with a crystal structure, a specific chemicalcomposition, and distinct physical properties (i.e,just the words) |
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Mining |
systematicremoval of rock, regolith, or other materials for the purpose of extractingminerals of economic interest - Most minerals are widely spread in lowconcentrations; miners and geologists must try to locate concentrated sources. |
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deposit |
naturaloccurrence of a resource |
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grade
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levelof concentration of ore in a deposit |
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ore |
economicallyvaluable material in a deposit (will be mixed in with the non-valuable stuff) |
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gangue |
“wasterock” and non-valuable minerals |
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solution mines |
resources dissolved in a solution and then siphoned out Can be surfaceor subsurface less surfacearea disturbed than other methods acids, heavy metals, uranium can accidentally leak into groundwater |
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surface mines |
- Strip mine (can lead to problems) - Mountaintop removal - Open-pit mine - Placer operations |
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Subsurface |
most dangerous |
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Strip mining |
layers of soil and rock are removed toexpose a resource close to the surface (removes surface oil and rock) |
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overburden |
overlyingsoil and rock that is removed by heavy machinery - After extraction, each stripis refilled with the overburden |
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Acid Mine Drainage |
sulfidematerials form sulfuric acid and then flow into waterways |
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Leachate |
contaminated water that leaches through |
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Effluent |
contaminated liquid runoff |
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Mountaintopremoval |
extension of strip mining |
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Openpit mining |
- used for evenly distributedmaterials - terraced for easier movement - quarries – open pits for clay,gravel, sand, stone |
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Placermining |
- uses running water, miners siftthrough material in riverbeds |
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ocean mining |
some minerals can be extractedfrom seawater or ocean floor |
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Stages of mining |
EMSP |
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Decommisioning |
mine operation shut down |
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Reclamation |
returnsite to condition similar to pre-mining condition |
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resource |
wholestock of an economically useful/valuable commodity |
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reserve |
portion of that resource that iseconomically recoverable w existing technology |
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static lifetime |
lifetimeexpectancy of a resource at current rate of production and use |
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Factorsin lifetime of mineral deposit |
- discovery of new deposits -new extraction technologies - changing social andtechnological dynamics- changing consumption patterns - recycling |