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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Sequence of cryotherapy |
Cold, burn, aching, analgesia, numbness |
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Cryotherapy and chronic inflammation |
Should be applied no longer than 20 minutes and at least 1 hour apart (OA, RA) |
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What do Ruffini and Krause and bulbs cells sense ? |
R- Hot K- cold |
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Cryotherapy contraindication |
Cold intolerance, cold urticaria (like hives), cryoglobulinemia (form of vasculitis), over regenerating peripheral nerves, paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria, peripheral vascular disease, raynaud's phenomenon, Infection and poor circulation |
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Iontophoresis indications |
Hyperhidrosis (water +/-), analgesia (salicylate -), calcium deposits (acetate -), msk inflammation (dexamethasone -), sclerotic scars (iodine -), dermal ulcers (zinc +), fungal infection (copper +), edema reduction (hyaluronidase +), muscle spasm (calcium magnesium ++) I SAD -ve |
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Current ⚡characteristics |
Intensity, frequency, pulse duration, duty cycle (on time/(on time+off time)), MVIC |
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Electrical stimulation parameters for muscle contractions |
Pulse frequency (35-80 pps) Pulse duration (150-200ms for small muscles, 200-350ms for larger muscles) Amplitude (>10% of MVC in injured, >50% of MVC in uninjured) On:off time (6-10 seconds on, 50-120 seconds off OR ratio of 1:5) Ramp time (at least 2 seconds) Treatment time (10-20 minutes to produce 10-20 repetitions) Times per day (every 2-3 hours when awake) |
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High voltage pulsed galvanic current HVPC |
For wound healing Negative electrode used to promote healing of the inflamed or infected wound Positive electrode used to promote healing of the wounds without inflammation Frequency (60-125 pps) Pulse duration (40-100ms) Treatment time (45-60 mins) |
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TENS acute pain |
sensory level stimulation, mono or biphasic pulsed current, high frequency 100pps, short pulse duration 50-100msec, amplitude to comfortable sensory perception, duration 20-30 minutes or longer if doing activity |
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Acupuncture TENS |
Motor level stimulation, mono or biphasic pulsed current, short frequency less than 10pps, high pulse duration 150msec, amplitude to visible muscle twitch, duration 20-45 minutes |
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Brief-intense stimulation TENS |
Rapid onset, short term relief for pain used before painful procedures like debridmentand joint mobilization. Motor level stimulation, mono or biphasic pulsed current, high frequency 100pps, higher pulse duration greater than 150msec, amplitude to visible strong muscle twitching, duration less than 15 minutes |
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Noxious-level stimulation TENS |
Hyperstimulation stimulation, DC or mono pulsed current, high frequency 100pps or low 1-5pps, long pulse duration greater than 250msec up to 1 sec, amplitude to highest tolerated painful stimulus, duration 30-60 seconds to each area |
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Ultrasound parameters |
Frequency: superficial 3MHz, deep 1MHz Intensity: - Pulsed (acute conditions (< 3 weeks), non-thermal, less than 1W/cm2) - Continuous (chronic conditions (> 3weeks), thermal, greater than 1W/cm2) |
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Supraspinatus tendon is deep |
To expose it, extension, adduction and IR |
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Ultrasound head size |
5cm is the typical head size, 2cm is for smaller joints like fingers |
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Phonophoresis |
The use of ultrasound for transdermal delivery of medication (anti-inflammatory like dexamethasone or analgesic like methyl salicylate, lidocaine) Duty cycle is 20% pulsed Treatment time is 5-19 minutes |
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Lumbar traction |
Supine: pillow under knee, for intervertebral joints, facet joints, muscle elongation Prone: for posterior disc herniation Increase intervertebral space of L5-S1: 45-60 degree hip flexion L3-L4: 75-90 degree hip flexion Disc protrusion, spasm, elongation: 25% body weight Joint distraction: 50lbs or 50% body weight |
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EMG biofeedback |
Sensitivity: the treatment for muscle relaxation requires low sensitivity, the treatment for muscle re-education requires a high sensitivity Electrodes placement: closely placed for muscle relaxation, far apart for muscle re-education |
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Duty cycle |
Should allow for the rest period to be 5x as long as the hold cycle |