Milady Esthetics Chapter 12

Front 1

why study skin analysis?

Back 1

1. before performing services or selecting products, an individual's skin type and conditions must be analyzed correctly to determine the appropriate treatments and products. ie, a good marketing tool. 2. skin analysis and consultation are important to determine the cause of skin conditions and any contraindications. 3. knowledge of healthy habits and " enemies" of the skin will give you a better understanding of how to help clients. People want to know what their skin conditions are and what they can do to improve its appearance.

Front 2

skin types

Back 2

people are born with their skin type, which is determined by their genetics and ethnicity. like everything else, skin can change over time.

Front 3

dry skin

Back 3

alipidic skin, lacks oil also called lipids. the follicles are usually small and the sebum is minimal. skin texture can be slightly rough and feel tight.

Front 4

concerns of dry skin

Back 4

it is more sensitive because the acid mantle and barrier function are not healthy due to the lack of lipids.

Front 5

care of dry skin

Back 5

stimulating oil production and protecting the surface is imperative. occlusive products are thick and lay on top of the skin to reduce, transepidermal water loss, also known as TEWL. these products help hold on moisture and protect the skin's top barrier layer, which combats dryness.

Front 6

dehydrated skin

Back 6

it is a skin condition, not type, that lacks water. all skin types can be dehydrated. it can look thin or flaky and can feel tight and dry; sometimes it is described as creepy or papery. it tends to absorb products quickly.

Front 7

causes of dehydrated skin

Back 7

can be caused by internal and external factors such as medication, coffee, alcohol, sun, over exfoliation, and harsh products.

Front 8

Treatment for dehydrated skin

Back 8

drinking plenty of water, hydrating the skin with moisturizers and humectants can help minimize the negative effects of dryness and dehydration.

Front 9

normal skin

Back 9

It has a good oil - water balance. it can fluctuate and sometimes be a little dry or a little oily. follicles are not usually visible towards the cheeks or outside of the face.

Front 10

treatment for normal skin

Back 10

maintenance and preventive care

Front 11

What is a t - zone

Back 11

through the middle of the face - on the forehead, nose, and chin is oilier. this area has more sebaceous glands and larger pores.

Front 12

combination skin

Back 12

It can be both oily and dry or both oily and normal. the t - zone is oilier. the outer areas of the face can either be dry or normal and can even be dehydrated or have a build up of dead skin cells.

Front 13

treatment concerns for combination skin

Back 13

needs to be balanced and requires more care than normal skin.

Front 14

oily skin

Back 14

lipidic skin, characterized by excess sebum production. the follicles size is visible or larger over most of the face. this type of skin requires more cleansing and exfoliation.

Front 15

proper treatment of oily skin

Back 15

exfoliation, and a water-based hydrator will help keep oily skin clean and balanced.

Front 16

no matter what the skin type

Back 16

all skin types need poper cleansing, exfoliating, and hydrating. the goal is to balance the barrier function.

Front 17

sensitive skin

Back 17

though it is a condition, it is also genetically predispose. it's characterized by fragile, thin skin and redness. it is easily irritated by products and by exposure to heat or sun. telangiectasia, or couperose skin are noticeable on sensitive skin. rosacea and vascular conditions are more common. sometimes these conditions may be a protective visible reaction to let us know something is irritating our skin.

Front 18

telangiectasia

Back 18

also called couperose skin. characterized by redness, distended capillaries from weakening of the capillary walls;

Front 19

rosacea

Back 19

a vascular disorder; chronic redness. Papules and pustules may be present. more common with the skin condition- sensitive skin. but not contained to a certain skin type.

Front 20

considerations in treating sensitive skin.

Back 20

it can be difficult to treat because of its low tolerance to products and simulation. it needs to be treated gently with non irritating, calming products. avoid excessive rubbing, heat, and exfoliation

Front 21

what is the Fitzpatrick scale

Back 21

it is used to measure the skin's ability to tolerate sun exposure.

Front 22

what causes skin conditions

Back 22

they may be caused by both internal and external factors. and they are unique to each individual.

Front 23

1.what is the most common Fitzpatrick skin type? 2.describe it. 3.tell reaction to UV sin exposure and laser treatment damage risk.

Back 23

1. type 3. 2. fair; eye and hair color vary. 3. sometimes burns, gradually tans, risk of hyper/ hypopigmentation. moderate risk of skin cancer and vascular damage.

Front 24

1. what is the glogau scale? 2. describe type 3

Back 24

1. evaluates photo damage (sun) based on wrinkling categorized by age. 2. type 3 shows wrinkles at rest, advanced photo aging, hyperpigmentation, telangiectasia, keratosis, age 40 to 50.

Front 25

1. what is rubin's classification? 2. describe level 1. 3. tell beneficial treatments for level 1.

Back 25

1.rubin's classification of photodamage uses levels to classify photodamage by the depth of skin changes or damage. 2. level 1 includes superficial pigmentation and changes to the epidermis. 3. superficial chemical exfoliation and. antioxidants are beneficial at this level.

Front 26

How does darker skin differ from lighter Caucasian skin?

Back 26

It contains more melanin.

Front 27

tell how Black, Hispanic, Asian, and Native American skin types differ.

Back 27

They all have different amounts of melanin. The number of melanocytes is the same, but the melanin transferred to keratinocytes by the melanocytes is greater in darker skin

Front 28

Melanocytes

Back 28

Cells that produce skin pigment granules in the basal layer

Front 29

Melanin

Back 29

Tiny grains of pigment that are produced by melanocytes and deposited into the cells in the stratum germinativum layer of the epidermis and in the papillary layers of the dermis

Front 30

keratinocytes

Back 30

Epidermal cells composed of keratin, lipids, and other proteins

Front 31

What kind of pigmentation problems occur in darker skin

Back 31

Hyperpigmentation is a greater problem for darker skin types. Other pigmentation disorders also include hypopigmentation such as vitiligo. Post inflammatory hyperpigmentation can result from hormones, trauma, extractions, sun damage, or exfoliation.

Front 32

describe Hyperkeratosis and what skin is most susceptible? what can be done to help counter this condition?

Back 32

it is excessive cell turnover and dead skin cell buildup. Black skin is more prone to hyperkeratosis, so it needs more exfoliation and deep pore cleaning.

Front 33

keloids

Back 33

Abnormal hypertrophic scarring or keloids it's also a problem for black skin.

Front 34

Why does black skin not age as quickly?

Back 34

Because it is thicker and has more melanin for additional sun protection. However, dark skin still needs protection from sun damage.

Front 35

Which type of ethnic skin is considered the most sensitive?

Back 35

Asian skin

Front 36

Describe Asian skin

Back 36

It has great elasticity and firmness, and does not show signs of aging as quickly as Caucasian skin does. Asian skin can become hyper pigmented from treatment or exfoliating agents such as alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs). Gentler exfoliating products such as enzymes are recommended. Sun protection is necessary down hyperpigmentation.

Front 37

Does lightening treatments solve the problem of hyperpigmentation? explain

Back 37

Using whitening treatments for age spots can actually make things worse. If exfoliated areas produce melanin in an uneven pattern, lightning treatment can lead to splotchiness. Avoiding sun exposure and using Sun Protection daily is a must for anyone prone to hyperpigmentation.

Front 38

difference between skin type and skin condition

Back 38

skin type is genetic. many internal and external factors affect the conditions of a person's skin. they are not just a result of genetic makeup.

Front 39

what is the focus of skin treatments

Back 39

skin conditions is what esthetician is most concerned about.

Front 40

what are some of the most common skin conditions estheticians see today?

Back 40

adult acne, actinic aging (from sun damage), and problems from hormonal fluctuations. dehydration, pigmentation disorders, and rosacea are also significant concerns. other include comedones, hyperkeratinization, redness, sensitivities, and of course aging.

Front 41

what ways can we improve skin conditions

Back 41

routine facials, using specialized products, and avoiding factors that affect the condition.

Front 42

describe actinic keratosis

Back 42

a rough area resulting from sun exposure, sometimes with a layered scale or scab that sometimes falls off. can be precancerous.

Front 43

describe asphyxiated skin

Back 43

smokers have asphyxiated skin from lack of oxygen. characterized by clogged pores and wrinkles; dull and lifeless looking. can be yellowish or grey in color.

Front 44

describe comedones

Back 44

open comedones are blackheads and clogged pores caused by a buildup of debris, oil, and dead skin in the follicles. Closed comedones are not open to the air or oxygen; they are trapped by dead skin cells and need to be exfoliated and extracted.

Front 45

describe couperose skin

Back 45

also called telangiectasia. redness; distended capillaries from weakening of the walls; internal or external causes.

Front 46

describe dehydrated skin

Back 46

look thin or flaky and can feel tight and dry. sometimes described as crepey or papery like crepe paper.

Front 47

describe erythema

Back 47

redness caused by inflammation

Front 48

describe hyperpigmentation

Back 48

brown or dark pigmentation; discoloration from melanin production due to sun or other factors.

Front 49

pustules

Back 49

am infected papule with fluid inside

Front 50

seborrhea

Back 50

oiliness of the skin.

Front 51

solar comedones

Back 51

large blackheads, usually around the eyes, due to sun exposure.

Front 52

name some internal and external factors that conditions can be caused by

Back 52

allergies/reactions, genetics/ethnicity, medical conditions, and many other internal or external factors.

Front 53

our bodies intrinsic health affects

Back 53

how we feel, as well as how our body and skin looks.

Front 54

What is the main extrinsic cause of aging

Back 54

sun damage. approximately 80 percent of premature aging is caused by the sun.

Front 55

besides the sun, what are some other extrinsic factors that affect the skin's health

Back 55

environmental exposure, pollutants, air quality, and humidity.

Front 56

vitamin deficiency is an example of

Back 56

an internal or intrinsic effect on the skin.

Front 57

sunlight is

Back 57

energy

Front 58

UVA, UVB, UVC

Back 58

UVA has the longest wavelength, reaching into the dermis. It has a lower frequency, thus less energy. UVB has shorter wavelengths than UVA. it has a higher frequency than UVA, thus more energy. UVC has the shortest wavelengths and are more energetic, bit is absorbed by the ozone.

Front 59

What is the names of the wavelengths that are absorbed, scattered and reflected by the skin

Back 59

UVA and UVB

Front 60

Minimal erythermal dose

Back 60

also called MED. it is the term used to describe how long it takes to become red (erythema) from sun exposure. the dosage is the intensity of the sun multiplied by the time exposed: Dosage = Intensity * Time

Front 61

name some common contraindications

Back 61

contagious diseases, skin disorders, medical conditions, medications, and skin irritation can all contraindicate, or prohibit a service.

Front 62

if you suspect a contagious disease, what should you do

Back 62

legally you are not allowed to ask clients about contagious diseases. but look for clues or disclosure on client questionnaire.
and you can ask general questions relating about the skin conditions and the clients personal health.

Front 63

recognizing disease is vital to

Back 63

avoid causing harm to clients or to you

Front 64

medication or topical peeling agents can make the skin too sensitive for

Back 64

facials or waxing.

Front 65

seizures or epilepsy are contraindications for

Back 65

all electrical and light treatments

Front 66

What is in a client's chart

Back 66

or is a record of all your notes from the skin analysis, what you used in the treatment, and your home care recommendations.

Front 67

what is a client release form

Back 67

a document that a client reads and signs, releasing you from liability before you preform the service.

Front 68

What is the best tool for analysing skin

Back 68

magnifying lamp/light.

Front 69

skin analysis checklist

Back 69

1. skin type. 2. conditions present. note comedones, capillaries, pigmentation, sun damage, and other conditions 3. appearance. is the skin dry, clear, oily, irritated? and anything else you notice. 4. texture. rough, smooth, dehydrated, firm.

Front 70

should you ever perform a skin analysis in the waiting room

Back 70

it won't be as accurate, but it will still be helpful. it can be beneficial in selling products or treatments.

Front 71

causes of dehydrated skin

Back 71

lack of water, environment, medications, topical agents, aging, drinking dehydrating drinks such as caffeine and alcohol.