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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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MESOPOTAMIA:
One of the 4 early river valley civilizations, it developed between the _____ and _____ Rivers because of its ____________. The arc-shaped area of good farmland from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea was known as the _______________. |
Tigris and Euphrates;
fertile soil; Fertile Crescent |
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MESOPOTAMIA:
The first civilization there was _________. They built pyramid-like temples called __________. They wrote in a wedge-shaped writing called __________. |
Sumer;
ziggurats; cuneiform |
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MESOPOTAMIA:
The powerful ruler of Babylon created __________ Code. It was the world's first major collection of _______. Describe it. (What are some other codes we studied in Global? Where?) |
Hammurabi's Code;
laws; It had harsh punishments and treated different social classes differently. (Other codes/legal systems: Twelve Tables- Rome Justinian's Code- Byzantine Napoleonic Code- France) |
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RELIGION:
What is monotheism? What is polytheism? |
mootheism- belef in one God;
polytheism- belief in many gods |
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RELIGION:
Because they were monotheistic (believed in one God), the ancient _______ were different from other early people of the Middle East. Their religion came to be known as ________. Holy Writings? Rules for behavior? |
Hebrews;
Judaism; Torah, Old Testament; Ten Commandments |
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RELIGION:
CHRISTIANITY- Polytheistic or monotheistic? Began in Middle East when the area was ruled by the _______ Empire; Based on the teachings of _____? Sacred writings? |
monotheistic;
Roman Empire; Jesus; the Bible- Old and New Testaments (also the Ten Commandments) |
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RELIGION:
ISLAM- Polytheistic or monotheistic? Founded by its prophet ______. Worships its God ______. Followers must accept 5 duties known as the ____________. Sacred text? Islamic law is known as _______. |
monotheistic;
Muhammad; Allah; Five Pillars of Faith; Quran (Koran); Sharia |
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SPREAD OF ISLAM:
It spread both by military conquest and by _________ across N. Africa, into Spain in Europe, into India and SE Asia. One reason they successfully spread was the way they treated conquered peoples- How was that? |
trade;
They accepted diversity by treating other peoples fairly. |
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ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION:
While Europe was in the Dark Ages, Islam had its Golden Age. Muslim scholars preserved _________ culture. Muslims made great advances in ________ and ________. |
Greco (Greek)-Roman
math and science |
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ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION:
A dispute over who should succeed Muhammad has split Muslims- even into modern times- into two groups: _________ and _________. |
Sunnis and Shiites
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CRUSADES:
The Crusades were a series of wars between ________ and ________ over control of the __________. |
Christians
Muslims Holy Land |
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CRUSADES:
What were the effects/results of the Crusades? |
The Christians failed to regain the Holy Land.
BUT, there were important good effects on Europe: 1. Demand for goods from the East grew, so trade increased. 2. Feudalism ended. |
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TURKEY:
The modern state of TURKEY grew out of the break-up of the _________ Empire. Who was the founder of Turkey (He was its first president.)? What did he do for Turkey? |
Ottoman;
Kemal Ataturk; He westernized, modernized and secularized Turkey. |
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What was Zionism?
It led to the creation of _______ in 1948. |
the movement for a homeland for the Jewish people in the Middle East;
Israel |
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What natural resource is found in much of the Middle East that is very important in the modern world?
What is OPEC? |
oil;
the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (a group of oil-rich countries that sell oil to the rest of the world) |
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Israel has fought a series of wars against several__________ countries. The Camp David Accords were a peace agreement between Israel and _______.
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Arab;
Egypt |
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Ayatollah Khomeini led a Revolution in _______ and established a __________ Muslim government that is very _______- West.
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Iran;
fundamentalist; anti- West (They do not like Western countries like the U.S. and Britain.) |
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What is the current dispute between Israelis and Palestinians about? What is the PLO and who was its leader?
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Israelis and Palestinians have conflicting historical claims to the same area;
Palestine Liberation Organization; Yaser Arafat |
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Who was the ruthless dictator of Iraq?
What happened to him? |
Saddam Hussein;
After the U.S. defeated Iraq in the Iraq War, he was thrown out of power and executed for crimes against his people. |
