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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Name and describe three parts on fungi.
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Thallus - body;
hyphae - filaments of cells in a threadlike, branching formation; mycelium - a mass of hyphae |
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What is a unicellular, nonfilamentous fungus called?
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Yeast
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Yeast buds that do not separate from the mother cell form what?
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pseudohyphae
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Fungi are classified according to what?
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The types of sexual spores that they form
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Pathogenic, dimorphic fungi takes what form at 37 degrees Celsius?
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Yeastlike form
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Pathogenic, dimorphic fungi takes what form at 25 degrees Celsius?
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Mold-like form
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Is asexual or sexual reproduction more common in fungi?
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Asexual
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Name the three types of asexual spores (per powerpoint).
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sporangiospores, conidiospores, and chlamydospores
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What morphology is unique to the sporangiospores?
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They grow in a sac
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What morphology is unique to the chlamydospores?
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They have thick walls formed by rounding and enlargement within a hyphal segment; very resistant to environmental conditions; found on fungi and some algae
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What morphology is unique to conidiospores?
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They are unicellular or multicellular spores not formed in an enclosed sac
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How do teleomorphic fungi reproduce?
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By producing sexual and asexual spores
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How do Anamorphic fungi reproduce?
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They produce asexual spores only
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Name the toxin produced by Aspergillus flavus that peanut butter and milk are tested for.
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Aflatoxin
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Where does the color of fungi come from?
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Its spores
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In most molds the hyphae contain cross-walls called what?
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Septa (singular + septum)
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A hyphae with no speta that appears as long, continuous cells with many nuclei is called what?
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Coenocytic hypha
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Name the medically important phyla of fungi that have conenocytic hyphae and produce sporangiospores and zugospores.
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Zygomycota
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Name the medically important phyla of fungi that have septate hyphae and produce ascospores and conidiospores.
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Ascomycota
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Name the medically important phyla of fungi that possess septate hyphae, includes fungi that produces mushrooms and forms basidiospores (some produces conidiospores).
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Basidiomycota
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A deep fungal infection that affects many tissues and organs is called what?
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Systemic mycosis
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A fungal infection beneath the skin is called what?
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Subcutaneous mycosis
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What is saccharomyces and what is it used for?
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It is a yeast used in bread and wine making
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What is Trichoderma and what is it used for?
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It is a fungus that is used for its cellulase production for clarification of fruit juices.
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What is a lichen?
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A mutualistic combination of a green alga (or cyanobacterium) and a fungus
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What does the alga provide for the lichen?
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The alga photosynthesizes, providing carbohydrates
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What does the fungus provide for the lichen?
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The fungus provides a holdfast (attachment).
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How are lichens classified?
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By their morphology
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Name three things that lichens are used for.
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1. for their pigments
2. as a antimicrobial agent 3. as an air quality indicator |
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Where do most algae live?
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Aquatic environments
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List three classifications of algae.
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1. unicellular
2. filamentous 3. multicellular |
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Are algae prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
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Eukaryotic
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Name three parts of a multicellular algae thallus (body).
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1. stipe - temlike, often hollow
2. holdfast - anchor that usually holds algae to rock 3. blades - leaflike |
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How do algae reproduce?
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Asexually by cell division or fragmentation and many reproduce sexually
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How are algae classified?
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By there structures and pigments
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Most algae produce oxygen and are ________? hint: "__?__trophs"
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Photoautotrophs
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What are brown algae (kelp) harvest for?
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Algin (a carb used as a stabilizing colloid in numerous pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and foods
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Where do red algae grow and why?
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They grow deep in the ocean because their red pigment can absorb the blue light that penetrates to deeper levels
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What does green algae have and what does it store?
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They have cellulose and chlorophyll a and b and store starch
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What are diatoms and what are they used for?
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They are unicellular algae that have pectin and silica cell walls; some produce a neurotoxin. They can be used as a filtering aid (diatomaceous earth).
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Which algae produce neurotoxins that cause paralytic shellfish poisoning (red tide) and food poisoning?
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Dinoflagellates
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What are oomycotes?
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Heterotrophic algae; includes decomposers and plant parasites (reclassified from water mold)
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What produces the most oxygen in the earths atmosphere?
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Planktonic algae
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Where does petroleum come from?
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It is the fossil remains of planktonic algae
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What are protozoa?
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unicellular, eukaryotic chemoheterotrophs
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Where can protozoa be found?
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In soil, water, and animals
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What is the vegetative form of protozoa called?
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Trophozoite
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How do protozoa reproduce?
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Asexually by fission, budding, or schizogony (multiple asexual fission); also sexually by conjugation in which two haploid nuclei from different cells fuse to produce a zygote
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How do some protozoa survive adverse environmental conditions?
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They produce a cyst that provides protection
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Name three parts of the protozoa's complex cell.
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Pellicle - a thin layer supporting the cell membrane
Cytosome - mouth Anal pore |
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Name the medically important protozoa that lack mitochondria, have flagella, and can cause diarrhea, belching, gas, and cramps.
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Archaezoa
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Name the medically important protozoa that lack mitochondria and microtubules; know to cause diarrhea in AIDS patients.
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Microsporidia
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Name the amoeba that include Entamoeba and Acanthamoeba.
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Rhizopoda
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Name a non-motile protozoa that have apical organelles for penetrating host tissue; responsible for some waterborne disease outbreaks.
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Apicomplexa
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Name the phylum of protozoa that move by means of cilia; includes Balantidum coli which is a human parasite.
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Ciliophora
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Name the phylum of protozoa that move by meals of flagella and do not sexually reproduce; inclue Trypanosoma which is transmitted by the tsetse fly in Africa and causes sleeping sickness.
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Euglenozoa
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Name two types of slime molds.
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Cellular and plasmodial
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Which slime mold resembles amoebas and digest bacteria by phagocytosis?
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Cellular slime molds
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Which slime mold consists of a multinucleated mass of protoplasm that engulfs organic debris and bacteria as it moves?
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Plasmodial slime molds
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Name and decribe two phyla of Helminths (Anamalia).
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Platyhelminths - parasitic flatworms
Nematoda - parasitic roundworms |