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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Smallpox
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hasbeen eliminated as a naturally occurring infection in human beings, AND wasdealt with by vaccination. |
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Microorganismsare involved in |
A. causing disease.
B. curing/treating disease.
C. preparing food.
D. cleaning up pollutants. |
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The structures present in the hay infusions used in experiments on SpontaneousGeneration that made them difficult to sterilize are |
endospores. |
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Bacteria are good models to use because they |
B. share many biochemical/physiological properties with more complicated organisms. |
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domain |
bacteria, archaea, and eucarya |
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Eukaryote |
organism composed of one or more eukaryotic cells, members of the domain Eucarya |
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EUKARYOTIC cell |
Cell type characterized by a membrane bound nucleus |
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Prion |
A non-living infectious agent consisting only of protein |
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Prokaryote |
Single-celled organism consisting of a prokaryotic cell, member of the domain Bacteria and Archaea |
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Viroid |
A non-living infectious agent consisting only of RNA |
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Virus |
A non-living infectious agent consisting of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat |
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endospores |
heat resistant bacteria |
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microbes |
infectious agents and microorganisms |
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normal microbiota |
normal flora |
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Amino acid |
A subunit of protein |
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hydrophilic |
water loving |
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hydrophobic |
water fearing |
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pH |
measure of their acidity |
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Proteins |
Catalyling reactions, transporting molecules, motility, cell framework, sensing and responding to conditions outside the cell, and regulating gene expression |
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Carbohydrates |
include sugars and starches |
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Carbohydrates |
they are energy source, energy storage, they are components of DNA and RNA, and source of carbon for biosynthetic products |
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Monosaccharides |
are simple sugars |
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Disaccharides |
are two monosaccharides put together |
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Nucleic acids |
carry genetic information |
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Lipids |
a very diverse group pf non-polar, hydrophobic molecules |
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Simple Lipids |
contain only carbon,hydrogen, and oxygen |
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Compound Lipids |
contain only fatty acids and glycerol |
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Contrast |
affects how easily cells can be seen |
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Capsule |
gel like layer that surrounds certain microbes |
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Simple diffusion |
molecules move from a region of high concentration to one of low concentration |
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Osmosis |
the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane |
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Facilitated diffusion |
form of passive transport that does not require energy |
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Peptidoglycan |
material found only in bacteria |
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Teichoic acids |
Gram-positive cell walls also have this |
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Lysozyme |
an enzyme found in tears, saliva, and many other body fluids |
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Slime layer |
the layer is diffuse and irregular |
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Gas vesicles |
small, rigid, protein bound compartments that provide bouyancy to the cell |
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Germinate |
exit the dormant state |
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Sporulation |
endospore formation |
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Germination |
can be triggered by a brief exposure to heat or certain chemicals |
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Actin filaments |
allow the cell cytoplasm to move |
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Binary fission |
how prokaryotes generally multiply |
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Generation time |
The time it takes for a population to double |
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Colony |
a distinct mass of cells |
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Agar |
a polysaccharide extracted from marine algea |