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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
eukaryotic cell
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-larger in size
-contains a nucleus -divison of labor -organelles |
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the nucleus
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-double lipid bilayer
-most of the genetic material of the cell (nucleolus rRNA synthesis) -nuclear pores allow traffic into an out of the nucleus -note that the DNA is partitioned from the cytoplasm and ribosomes |
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mitosis
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refer to slides in chapter 5--about splitting chromosomes and nucleus evenly
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endoplasmic reticulum
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-phospholipid bilayer
-smooth ER--lipid metabolism--detox reations -Rouch ER--ribosomes docked--protein synthesis |
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eukaryote ribosome
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-two sub units (40S and 60S)
-total size is 80S -translate mRNA into proteins -similar structure to prokaryotes but differ in shape -antibiotic-resistant (selective toxicity)--side effects |
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mitochondria
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-"powerhouse" of cell
-site of respiration -bacterial endosymbiont -double lipid bilayer -own genetic material -reproduce autonomously |
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chloroplasts
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-found in plants and algae
-site of photosynthesis -bacterial endosymbiont -double lipid bilayer -own genetic material -reproduce autonomously |
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golgi body
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-composed of lipid bilayer
-proteins trafficking centers -import/processing/export -"stack of pancakes" -vesicles bud off |
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cytoskelton
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-intracellular protein matrix
-actin (red) -polymerized into chains -macrotubules (green) -made of tubulin -intermediate filaments -regulate cell shape -involved in motility -other cell function |
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vacuoles
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-lipid-enclosed space
-storage sites for water, food, enzymes, and waster -vary greatly in size and function 1. central vacuoles provide turgor pressure 2. contractile vacuoles eliminate water 3. lysosomes contain digestive enzymes |
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eukaryote flagellum
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-used for locomotion
-does not spin--waves like an oar -multi-protein complex -dynein arms use ATP to slide the tubules which results in flexion |
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eukaryote capsule
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-present in some pathogens
-polymeric sugars -imporant in avoiding immune clearance -similar to prokaryotes |
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the fungi
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-terrestrial, non photosynthetic and saprophytic
-single celled forms are called yeast--multicellular (molds) -hyphae from mycelium-hairlike projections -ergosterol in membrane--chitin cell walls -haploid and diploid cells occur -sexual and asexual reproduction |
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yeasts
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-single cell fungi
-budding -blastospores -useful yeasts--saccharomyces -pathogens--cryptococcus--candida; thrush on infants |
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algal cell
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-eukaryotic
-photosynthetic, free-living -single celled forms -filamentous forms -colonial forms -classified pigments--split into groups by pigments -cell walls vary in composition |