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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What word describes a small fluid-filled lesion of < 1cm?
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Vesicle
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What word describes a small fluid-filled lesion of > 1cm?
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Bullae
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What are flat, reddened lesions?
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Macules
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What are raised lesions?
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Papules
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What are raised lesions that contain pus?
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Pustules
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What areas are normal microbiota in higher numbers on the skin??
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Warm, moist areas
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What is the causative microbe of dandruff?
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Malassezia furfur
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What are the treatments for Malassezia furfur?
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Dandruff treatments include ketoconazole, zinc pyrithione, selenium sulfide
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What is the microbe associated with 90% of skin infections?
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Coagulase negative staphylococcus (ie S. epidermiditis - may form biofilm on ivs or catheters)
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What is the most pathogenic staphylococci?
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S. aureus - almost all are coagulase positive
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What word describes infections of the hair follicles?
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Folliculitis
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What word describes infection of the eyelash follicle?
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Sty
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What word describes a serious follicle infection that is a type of abcess?
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furuncle
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What word describes a furuncle that the body fails to wall off?
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Carbuncle
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What word describes a hard, round, deep inflammation of tissue under the skin?
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Carbuncle; usually with fever
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What is the name of the disease that is characterized by lesions that later crust over and is spread by direct contact? What is the organism responsible?
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Non-bullous impetigo; S. aureus
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What is the name of the disease that is characterized by a localized toxin that causes bullae and a circulating toxin that causes 'scaled' skin and exfoliation? What is the organism responsible?
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Bullous impetigo; S. aureus
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What condition is characterized by fever, vomiting, sunburntlike rash followed by shock and sometimes organ failure (also may lead to scaled skin syndrome)? What is the organism responsible?
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Toxic Shock Syndrome; S. aureus (sometimes Streptococcus pyogenes but that causes less likely of a rash but higher chance of bacteremia)
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Why does Toxic Shock Syndrome induce shock?
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the toxin acts as a superantigen
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What is the most Virulent form of Streptococcus pyogenes?
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Group A Beta Hemolytic
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What is a Streptococcus pyogenes virulence factor that aids in adhesion and may be antigenic?
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M protein
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What is a Streptococcus pyogenes virulence factor that helps evade the immune response?
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Capsule
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What is a Streptococcus pyogenes virulence factor that lyse RBCs and are toxic to neutrophils?
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Hemolysins and streptolysins
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What are the S&S of erysipelas?
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Reddish patch that is first on face, can lead to tissue destruction, sepsis, fever
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What is the causative microbe of erysipelas?
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Streptococcus pyogenes
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What word describes the condition when Streptococcus pyogenes attacks solid tissue?
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Cellulitis
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What word describes the condition when Streptococcus pyogenes attack muscle?
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Myositis
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What word describes the condition when Streptococcus pyogenes attack muscle covering?
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Necrotizing facilitis
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What toxin does invasive group A of Streptococcus pyogenes produce?
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Exotoxin A (superantigen)
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Where is Pseudomonas aeruginosa found?
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Soil, water, hospital flower vases, mop water
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What is the condition that Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes that can be acquired from hot tubs or pools?
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Pseudomonoas dermatitis
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What is otitis externa and what causes it?
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Swimmer's ear; Pseudomonoas aeruginosa
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What is used on burn patients to prevent P. aeruginosa infections?
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Silver sulfadiazine
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What is the etiology of acne?
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Channels for passage of sebum clog (excess shedding of skin cells and sebum)
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What term describes the accumulation of sebum caused blackheads?
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Comedonal acne
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What is the treatment for comedonal acne?
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Azelic acid, salicyclic acid, retinoids
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What is the causative microbe of inflammatory acne?
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Propionibacterium acnes
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What is the treatment for inflammatory acne?
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Benzoyl peroxide, clindamycin, erythromycin, clear light. When severe, isotretinoin.
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What term describes when the metabolism of sebum forms free fatty acids that cause inflammatory response at the skin?
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Inflammatory acne
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What term describes deep pus filled lesions that form nodules and cysts and cause scarring?
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Nodular cystic acne
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What is the causative microbe of smallpox?
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Variola
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Monkeypox and smallpox are what genus of viruses?
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orthopoxviruses
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What is another term for chickenpox? What is the causative microbe?
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varicella; herpesvirus varicella-zoster
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What is another term for shingles? What is the causative agent?
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herpes-zoster; herpesvirus varicella-zoster
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What is the method of transmission for chickenpox?
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Respiratory
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What is a complication of chickenpox, influenza and other viruses that is associated with the administration of aspirin?
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Reyes syndrome (can cause death, neurological damage)
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What is the treatment for shingles?
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Acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir
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What term describes infections of chickenpox in vaccinated persons?
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Breakthrough varicella
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How is herpes simplex 1 transmitted?
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Oral or respiratory route
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What s&s does HSV1 cause?
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Cold sores/fever blisters
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What triggers HSV1 reactivation?
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Stress, UV, hormones associated with menstruation
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What is the causative microbe of Measles?
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Rubeola
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How is Measels transmitted?
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Respiratory
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What are the S&S for measels?
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Koplik's spots in mouth, macular rash
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Is there any prophylaxis for measels?
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Yes, MMR vaccine
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What is the causative microbe for German Measles?
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Rubella
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What is the main difference between German and regular Measles?
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German measles last typically 3 days and is mild while regular measles longer and has a stronger rash
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What is the condition that is describes as "slapped cheek" appearance, results in mild flu symptoms, and is caused by parvovirus b19?
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Erythema infectiosum
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What is the causative agent of Roseola?
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herpesvirus 6&7
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How is roseola transmitted?
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Respiratory
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What is the treatment for roseola?
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none
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What is the treatment for Erythema infectiosum?
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none
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What is another name for Erythema infectiosum?
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Fifth disease
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What is the causative microbe of Candidiasis?
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Candida albicans
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How is Candidiasis transmitted?
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Direct contact or endogenous
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What are the treatments for Candidiasis?
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Miconazole or clotrimozole
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What is ringworm of the scalp called?
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Tinea capitis
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What is ringworm of the groin called?
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Tinea cruris
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What is ringworm of the feet called?
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Tinea pedis
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What is ringworm of the nails called?
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Tinea unguium (onchomyosis)
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What are fungi that colonize hair, nails, and outer layer of epidermis called?
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Dermatophytes (cause dermatomycoses)
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What are the causative microbes of cutaneoups mycoses?
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(genera) Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton
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If hair is involved in a fungal infection, what is a treatment often used instead of topical antifungals?
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griseofulvin
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Sporotrichosis causes what kind of infection?
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Subcutaneous Mycoses
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What is the treatment for Sporotrichosis?
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Ingestion of dilute potassium iodide
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What are microscopic mites that burrow under the skin to lay eggs, cause intense itching, and transmitted by close contact?
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Scabies
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What is the treatment for scabies?
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permethrin (topical) or ivermectin(oral)
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What is Pediculosis?
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lice infection
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What is the treatment for Pediculosis?
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dimethicone, oral ivermectin, fine tooth comb
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What is the most common bacterial cause of Conjunctivitis?
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Hemophilus influenzae
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What is the most common viral cause of conjunctivitis?
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Adenovirus
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What is a major causative microbe in neonatal blindess?
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Neisseria gonorrhea
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What is the treatment for Neonatal gonorrheal opthalmia?
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Tetracycline or erythromycin
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What is the causative microbe of Inclusion Conjuctivitis?
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Chlamydia trachomatis
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How is Clamydia trachomatis transmitted?
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Acquired during birth by newborns and in swimming pools due to unchlorinated water
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What is the causative microbe of Trachoma?
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Chlamydia trachomatis (towels, flies transmit)
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What might be the number one cause of blindness in the US?
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HSV1 - Herpetic keratitis
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What is the condition that is associated with wearing contact lenses overnight or while swimming?
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Acanthamoeba keratitis
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