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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Zacharias Janssen
16th Century |
Credited for inventing the first truly compound microscope.
2 lenses --> look @ objects |
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Giovanni Faber
16th Century |
credited with inventing the name "microscope"
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Robert Hooke
1635-1703 |
In 1665 Hooke published Micrographia, a book describing his microscopic and telescopic observations, Hooke coined the term cell for describing biological organisms
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Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
1632-1723 |
"the Father of Microbiology"
improved of the microscope observe and describe single celled organisms, known as "ANIMALCULES" |
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Francesco Redi
1626-1697 |
One of the men to dispute "Spontaneous Generation"
Did experiment with meat and flies, if flies were prevented from landing on meat, it did not produce maggots |
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Who disputed Spontaneous Generation?
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Francesco Redi (1668)
John Needham (1748) Lazzaro Spallanzani (1767) Louis Pasteur (mid 1800s) |
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John Needham (1748)
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did an experiment with mutton gravy.
his theory was organisms molecules reorganized and that they COULD come from non living organisms. |
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Lazzaro Spallanzani (1767)
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redid Needham's experiments and covered the containers and flies did not appear.
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What are some of the Contributions of
Louis Pasteur 1822-1895 |
-Disproved Spontaneous Generation
-Developed Process of Pasteurization -Found Anthax to be temperature sensitive -Developed Cholera Vaccine for chickens -did some work with Anthrax -did soem work with Rabies Vaccine - worked with "pebrine" - silkworms |
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What is Miasma Theory?
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Disease that was caused by altered chemical quality of the air. Also known as "BAD AIR".
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Girolano Fracostoro
(1546) |
Theory: "contagion is an infection that passes from one thing to another, by direct contact, clothing, eating utensils, and air"
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John Snow
(mid 1800s) |
Figured out where the Cholera outbreak was coming from, traced back to public street pump. Did interviews and mad a map.
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Ignaz Semmelweis
(mid 1800s) |
Determined the source of blood poisoning of women during childbirth.
First Epidemiology- had students wash hands in CHLORINE after handling cadavers. |
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Who was the fist to create a Vaccination?
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Edward Jenner (late1700- early1800s)
Theory: contagion can be interupted Created First Vaccine for Small Pox -people exposed to cowpox were immune to smallpox- |
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Robert Koch
(1843-1910) |
-German Scientist
-Studied Anthrax -Provided evidence to support Germ Theory -Developed Koch's Postulates -Developed Pure Culture Technique |
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What is Koch's Postulates?
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Koch’s postulates became standards for linking a specific organism to a specific disease
-The same microorganism are present in every case -the microorganism can be isolated from the infected host and isolated in a lab -the disease can be reproduced by infecting a new host with the pure culture -the same microorganism can be isolated from the second host |
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What are other contributions from ROBERT KOCH
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-Developed Culture Techniques (AGAR) -agar came from Fanny Hesse
-Worked on tuberculosis, cholera, diphtheria, typhoid -First to grow bacteria on solid media -use glass/box culture -Postulates -Pure culture -identified colonies -burning carcisus |
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Dr. Joseph Lister
(1865) |
First to use and Aseptic technique.
Used carbolic Acid to pray on pts during surgery. |
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Taxonomy (TAXA)
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The science of naming and classifying organisms and placing them into categories based on their evolutionary relationships.
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What are the
Classification Groups? |
-Domain
-Kingdom -Phylum/division -Class -Order -Family -Genus -Species Did King Philip Come Over For Great Spaghetti? |
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Carolus Linnaeus
(1707-1778) |
"Father of Taxonomy"
Developed System of Binomial Nomenclature "Genus & Species" Ex: E.coli -Published book on Systema Naturae -Developed Heirarchial System (Classificaiton Groups) -2 Kingdoms: Plantae & Animilia (Plants & Animals) |
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Earnest Haeckel
(1860's) |
Created 3rd Kingdom for PROTISTS
-Plants -Animals -Protista |
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Robert Whittaker
(1969) |
Developed 5 Kingdom Classification
-Plants -Animals -Fungi -Protists -Monera |
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Carol Woese
(1978) |
3 Domain system
(Based on cell Type) Eukarya *Plants,Animals,Fungi, Protist (Eu) Bacteria *True Bacteria Archaebacteria *no true cell wall *live in extreme environments Archaebacteria |
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What are the Characteristics of a PROKARYOTES?
Before Nucleus |
1- Unicellular
2- NO Nucleus 3- bacteria ex: E.coli 4- Smaller 5- NO organelles 6- Circular Chromosome -extra chromosomal DNA Plasmids |
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What are the Characteristics of a EUKARYOTIC?
True Nucleus |
1- Nucleus
2- Some microorganisms ex. Yeast 3- Larger 4- Organelles *membrane bound* 5- Linear DNA Chromosome 6- Mitochondria 7- Chloroplasts 8- Golgi Apparatus 9- Cyto Skeleton 10- Histones |
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What is MICRO METER SIZE RANGE?
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Most bacterial and archaeal cells are 1-5 micrometers (µm) in length
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Compound Light Microscope
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What is the Staining Technique?
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Staining techniques Provide Contrast
The simple stain technique involves flooding a prepared specimen with basic dye The negative stain technique uses acidic dye, which is repelled by cell walls, leaving clear cells on a dark background |
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What is Gram Staining Technique?
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In the Gram stain technique, cells are stained with crystal violet and Gram’s iodine solution, and washed with a decolorizer
Gram-positive bacteria retain the crystal violet, whereas gram-negative bacteria do not |
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What is Phase Contrast Microscopy?
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Phase-contrast microscopy a special condenser and objective lenses to allow observers to view living, unstained organisms
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What is DARK-FIELD microscopy?
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Dark-field microscopy shows the specimen against a dark background, and provides good resolution
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What is Fluorescence microscopy?
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In fluorescence microscopy, specimens are coated with fluorescent dye and illuminated with ultraviolet light
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What are the components of a Bacteria cell?
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