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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the 2 types of genes a virus can have?
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DNA or RNA, but never both at the same time
Either case can be single or double stranded |
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Most viruses are very ______-specific.
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Most viruses are very SPECIES-specific.
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naked virus
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nucleic-acid core and protein coat
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enveloped virus
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nucleic-acid core, protein coat, AND membrane coat
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Identify the 3 ways a virus can affect a host cell.
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Productive (Lytic)
Latent Productive (Leaking) |
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In which method of infection does the host cell die and release replicated viruses?
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Productive (Lytic)
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What enzyme does the virus use to enter the host cell?
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Lysozyme
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What enzyme does the virus use to lyse the host cell?
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Lysozyme
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What is the latent method also known as?
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temperate or lysogenic
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What occurs in the latent method that is different from the productive (lytic) method? (5)
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-Integrase (enzyme) combines viral DNA w/ bacterial DNA
-Virus goes on vacation & lets bacteria act/duplicate normally -Virus only wakes up when bacteria realizes it's there. -Then, uses excisase (enzyme) to get cut out of bacterial DNA -Virus begins productive (lytic) method |
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What enzyme does the virus release to fight the existing bacterial DNA?
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nuclease
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The productive (leaking) method only happens to what kind of bacteria...
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Bacteria w/ single-stranded DNA & filamentous structure ***
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Does the host cell die in the productive (leaking) method?
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No
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Identify which of these has generalized transduction and which has specialized transduction.
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lytic (productive) = generalized transduction
go through lysogenic (latent) state first = specialized transduction. |
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Identify the 3 ways viruses are classified via genome structure.
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DNA or RNA
Single or double stranded 1 or several molecules |
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Identify the 3 ways viruses are classified via particle structure.
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Spherical
Helical Irregular |
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Identify the 3 ways viruses are classified via viral envelope.
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Present
Absent (naked) |
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Identify the 3 ways viruses are classified via routes of transmission.
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Enteric - fecal to oral
Respiratory - breathed-in Zoonotic - animal to animal Sexually-transmitted - Herpes causes lesions in genital tract |
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primary culture
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used right away
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secondary culture
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had for months/years or kept in liquid nitrogen or living tissue
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How do enveloped viruses infect cells?
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Fusion
Endocytosis |
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How do naked viruses infect cells?
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Direct
Endocytosis |
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Why is HIV so hard to fight?
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DNA polymerase has reading errors. ***
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acute infection
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infection causing disease with a sudden onset, severity and (often) short course
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latent infection
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virus hidden away
i.e. chicken pox |
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slow infection
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virus slowly kills you
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chronic infection
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virus is always at high levels
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phenotype mixing
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mixing of 2 viruses of 2 animals
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What are prions made of?
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Misshapen proteins that did not fold properly
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What disease do prions cause?
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Mad cow disease
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What are the 2 ways bacteria defends itself from getting infected by a virus?
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Recognize virus b/c only bacteria have methylases in their DNA
Destroy viral DNA via restriction enzymes |