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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
BCYE agar
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Legionella
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Thayer-Martin agar
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Neisseria
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MacConkey
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GNBs
RED: Escherichia, Klebsiella, Enterobacter PINK: Citrobacer, Providencia, Serratia, Hafnia NONE: Proteus, Edwardsiella, Salmonella, Shigella |
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SS agar
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Shigells: Colorless
Salmonella: Colorless with black center Red colonies: any lactose fermenters |
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ODOR
Grapes Burned chocolate Bleach Apples Musty Cabbage Horsebarn Butter |
Grapes - pseudomonas
Burned chocolate /feet - Proteus Bleach - Eikenella (Mex hats) Apples - Alkaligenes Musty - Nocardia Cabbage - Citrobacter Horsebarn - CDiff Butter - GBS |
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Catalase test
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First step in ID gpc's
+: Staph or micrococcus -: strep |
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Furazolidone susceptibility test
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Staph (susc) vs. micrococcus (resistant)
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Coagulase test
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S aureus (+) vs other staph (-)
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Novobiocin susceptibility
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To distinguish among the coag-neg staphs
S saptophyticus: resistant S epidermidis: susceptible |
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Salt tolerance test
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To separate group D enterococci from group D non-enterococci
Enterococcus spp is salt tolerant GDS is not (S bovis) |
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What is the name of this test?
What organism produces this definitive arrow when close to Staphylococcus aureus? What would be the expected results for this organism for PYR and Esculin? |
CAMP test
(used to ID GBS. The hemolytic activity of S aureus is enhanced by a protein made by GBS. ARROWHEAD) Group B streptococci (Streptococcus agalactiae) Negative for both |
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PYR test
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(+) GAS, GDS, enterococcus
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Bile esculin test
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Enterococci & GDS hydrolyze esculin
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Unique biochemical test for S pneumo
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S pneumo is soluble in bile (colonies disappear when bile drop added)
Also it is optochin SENSITIVE |
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Lactose +, indole + colonies on MacConkey
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E coli
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Defining characteristics of the Enterobacteriaceae
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1. Oxidase negative
2. Glucose fermentation 3. Nitrate reduction |
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Enterobacteriaceae that is methyl red negative/ Voges-Proskauer positive
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Klebsiella. All others are MR+
(MR & VP are opposite) |
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Urease positive organisms
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PROTEUS (rapid)
Kleb (slow) |
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Esculin hydrolysis
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To distinguish the species of Pseudomonas
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What test is used to identify Haemophilus spp?
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Staph streak test
Staph aureus synthesizes V factor, and releases X factor. Haemophilus grows around Staph = Satellitism. |
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Ways to distinguish Neisseria spp?
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CHO utilization (glucose+ N gon; maltose + N mening; lactose+ N lactamica. all 3 neg is M catarrhalis)
Superoxol test (rapid + is N gon) DNAse (Moraxella is only gram - coccus that produces DNAse (vs Neisseria)) |
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GPB
(Spore stain) |
Spore forming GPBs:
** Bacillus (AEROBIC) Catalase + (anthracis, cereus 2 most common) Clostridia (ANAEROBIC) |
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Anaerobic
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Clostridia
Anaerobic spore-forming GPB BOXCAR shape Known for being gram variable (perfringens, botulinum, tetani, difficile, septicum) |
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Staphylococci
GPCs in clusters |
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Streptococcus pyogenes
GPCs in chains |
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Streptococcus pneumoniae
Gram+ diplococci Lancet shaped |
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S. pneumo
GPC alpha hemolysis Bile soluble Optochin sensitive (vs viridans) |
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Nocardia
aerobic GPB extensive branching BEADED Partially acid fast Chalky white colonies on agar DDx: Actinomyces (anaerobic, not acid fast) |
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Neisseria gonorrhea
Intracellular, gram- diplococci |
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Group A strep (S.pyogenes)
GAS has small colonies with large zone of beta hemolysis (PYR+) vs GBS: larger colonies, smaller zone of hemolysis (PYR-) |
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Staph
Round, yellow-white, convex colonies (yellow: coag+; s. aureus) (white: coag-) |
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S. pneumo
DDx mucoid colonies: Pseudomonas Klebsiella pna Strep pna Cryptococcus neoformans (mucoid = capsules) |
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Nocardia
aerobic gpb (smells like basement) Chalky white colonies Also think of Streptomyces |
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Proteus
SWARMER |
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Major virulence factor of Group A Strep?
GAS PYR status? |
M protein
Causes ARF, APSGN also has 2 hemolysins: -streptolysin O (antigenic; can measure antistreptolysin O titers) -SLS (non-antigenic) GAS is PYR+; Beta-hemolytic GAS is S. pyogenes |
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What does S. pneumoniae cause?
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Sepsis, endocarditis, meningitis.
#1 community acquired bact pna #1 adult meningitis 50% OM 2 colony morphologies: mucoid vs. checkerboard; alpha-hemolysis, bile soluble, optochin sens Lancet shaped; polysaccharide capsule |
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S. viridans
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alpha or gamma hemolysis
normal flora upper resp & GU 40% bacterial endocarditis poor oral hygeine |
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GPC
hydrolyzes esculin grows with 6.5% NaCl PYR+ |
Enterococcus
Previously a group D strep (like s. bovis which also hydrolyzes esculin) PYR POSITIVE Hydrolyzes esculin nl GI, GU, biliary UTIs |
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Is staph beta-hemolytic?
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Can be, especially S. aureus.
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Do we worry about coag negative staph?
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Yes.
S. epidermidis: #1 cause of CNS infections S. saprophyticus: UTIs |
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GPC
catalase+ coagulase - NOT staph ID characteristics? |
Micrococcus.
Do Furadolozone test (RESISTANT) vs. staphs (susceptible) |
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yellow GPC
catalase+ coagulase - novobiocin resistant |
Staph saprophyticus
r/o in urine of women of childbearing age (vs. S epidermidis: novobiocin SENSITIVE) |
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GNB
lactose - indole - urease - DDx? |
Nonmotile:
Shigella sonnei vs. Yersinia pestis Motile: Salmonella (H2S) vs. Serratia (red) |
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H2S producing?
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Proteus
Salmonella Citrobacter |
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GNB
oxidase+ |
pseudomonas
metallic sheen grapey odor |
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How to differentiate Pseudomonas spp?
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Flo & Tech agar (tubes)
P. aer: only one to produce PYOCYANIN (blue on TECH) Pyoverdin: yellow on FLO (P. aer, P. fluorescens, P. putida). FLUORESCES under UV light. |
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Gram negative coccobacilli
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Moraxella
Acinetobacter (can retain stain) |
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Campylobacter jejuni
pleomorphic GNBs; curved spirals; seagulls microaerophilic oxidase- causes diarrhea |
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Positive string test seen with Vibrio cholerae
Vibrio facts: GNR oxidase+ glucose fermenting non-lactose fermenting luminescent pigment |
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Haemophilus
small, poorly staining GNBs **does not grow on SBA unless with staph. Grows on chocolate |
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Haemophilus satellitism
Staph streak on SBA. RBCs make X factor; staph makes V factor. Haem grows around staph; small colonies. |
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Fusobacter
Anaerobic GNB Long slender; pointed ends |
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Anaerobic GNC
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Veilonella is the only clinically important one!
Can cause endocarditis, bacteremia Nl mouth, UR, GI, GU |
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Anaerobic GPC
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Peptostreptococcus
Staph saccharolyticus Gemella |
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Anaerobic GNB
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Bacteroides
Prevotella Porphyromonas Fusobacter |
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Prevotella
Grows tan or black colonies Prevotella/Porphyromonas has BRICK RED fluorescence under UV light |
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Anaerobic GBP, non-spore forming:
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Actinomyces
Propionibacter Lactobacillus |
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Anaerobic GPB with spores:
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CLOSTRIDIUM
#1 clinically significant: C perfringens. can be nl. rare spores. double zone hemolysis. boxcar on gram stain. nonmotile C septicum: associated with colon ca. SWARMS. |
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What 3 drugs to we use to identify the anaerobic GNBs?
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Kanamycin
Penicillin Rifampin |
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What are the K/P/R patterns for the anaerobic GNBs?
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Bacteroides: R/R/S
P/P: R/S/R (although P bivia R/S/S) Fusobacter: S/S/S |