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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Metabolism: Beta-hemolytic. Catalase -
Virulence: M-protein Toxins: Pyrogenic toxin, TSS toxin Pathology:Pharyngitis, Scarlet Fever, TSS Treatment: Penicillin, Erythromycin Diagnostic: Gram + |
Streptococcus pyogenes
Group A |
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Metabolism:B-hemolytic, Facultative anerobe, catalase -
Pathology: Neonatal meningitis, pneumonia, and sepsis; Sepsis in pregnancy. Treatment: Penicillin Diagnostics: Gram + |
Streptococcus agalactiae
Group B |
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Metabolism: A,B, or gamma-hemolytic, catalase -, F. anaerobe.
Pathology: subacute bacterial endocarditis, Biliary tract infections, UTI Treatment: Ampicillin w/ aminoglycoside Diag: Gram Stain +, culture of 40% bile and 6.5% NaCl |
Enterococci
Streptococcus faecalis and faecium Non-enterococci Strept. bovis and equinus Group D |
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Met: A-hemolytic, F. anaerobe, Catalase -
Path: Subacute bacterial endocarditis, dental carries, brain or liver abscesses TX: Penicillin G DX: Gram +, resistant to optochin, normal oral flora |
Streptococcus viridans
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Met.: catalase -, A-hemolytic, f.anaerobe
Toxin: Pneumolysin Path: Pneumonia, Meningitis, Sepsis, Ottis Media in children. TX: Penicillin, Erythromycin, Ceftriaxone, vaccine. DX: Gram stain + diplococci, doesn't grow in Optochin and bile, + Quellung test. |
Streptococcus Pneumonia
(pneumococci) |
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Met: Catalase +, Coagulase +, F. anaerobe
Virulence: Protein A, exofoliatin, TSST-1 Path: Gastroenteritis, TSS, Scalded Skin, Pneumonia, Meningitis, acute bacterial endocarditis Tx: Penicillinase-resistant penicillin, Vancomycin, Clindomycin Dx: Gram + in clumps |
Staphylococcus Aureus
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Met: Catalase +, Coag. -, F. anaerobe
virulence: biofilm Path: Nosocomial infections Tx: Vancomycin Dx: Gram + in clumps |
Staphylococcus epidermidis
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Met.: Catalase +, Coag. -, F. anaerobe
Path: UTI in sexually active women TX: Penicillin Dx: gram + in clusters. |
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
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Reservior: Sheep, Goats, Cattle
Transmission: Endospores- Cutaneous, inhalation, ingestion. virulence: Protein capsule toxins: Exotoxin- protective antigen, Edema Factor, Lethal factor Path: Anthrax Tx: Cipro, Doxycycline, Vaccine Dx: Gram + |
Bacillus anthrais
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Transmission: endospores
virulence: No capsule, motile Path: food poisoning (Rice) TX: Vancomycin, Clindamycin |
Bacillus cereus
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Reservior: soil, canned foods, smoked fish, honey
transmission: endospores met: Anaerobe Path: Botulism Tx: Antitoxin, Human botullism immunoglobulin, Hyperbaric Oxygen. |
Clostridium botulinum
|
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Reservior: Soil
transmisison: endospores Met: anaerobe Toxin: Tetanospasmin (inhibits GABA) Path: Tetanus Tx: Tetanus Toxoid, Antitoxin, Penicillin, vaccine DPT. Dx: Gram + rods drumstick |
Clostridium tetani
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Reservior: soil, Mammal GI tract
transmission: endospores Met: Anaerobe toxins: Alpha toxin Path: Gaseous Gangrene Tx: surgery, Penicillin, Hyperbaric Ox. Dx: Gram + |
Clostridium perfringens
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Reservoir: GI tract
transmission: Fecal-oral ingestion of endospores. Toxins: Toxin A and Toxin B Path: Pseudomembranous entercolitis Tx: Metronidazole, Oral Vancomycin Dx: immunoassay, colonoscopy |
Clostridium difficile
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Morph: Gram +, non-spore forming,
transmission: respiratory droplets virulence: pseudomembrane Path: Diptheria, Tx: Antitoxin, PCN, Erythromycin, DPT vaccine Dx: gram + rods (chinese letters) culture: Potassium Tellurite or Loeffler's medium |
Cornebacterium diphtheriae
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Morph: Gram + rods, motile (tumbling)
transmission: raw milk, during birth, Met: b-hemolytic, catalase +, F. anaerobe toxin: Listeriolysin O and phospholipases Path: Meningitis in neonates and immunosuppressed Tx: Ampicillin and bactrim |
Listeria monocytogenes
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reservoir: Nasopharynx of humans
morph: kidney bean shaped in pairs. met: ferments maltose and glucose virulence: Capsule, IgA protease, Pili Path: Meningitis, Septicemia Tx: Vaccine, Penicillin G, Ceftriaxone, Rifampin used as prophylaxis Dx: Chocolate agar, Thayer Martin VCN Neonates susceptible from 6 to 24 months. |
Neisseria meningitidis
|
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Reservoir: Human STD
Morph: Kidney Bean shaped in pairs Met: forments only glucose virulence: Pili, IgA protease, Protein I Path: Urethritis, PID, Ophthalmia neonatorum, Tx: 3rd gen. Cephalosporin, erythromycin eye drops Dx: Chocolate agar. Thayer Martin VCN |
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
|
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reservoir: normal resp. flora
path: Ottis media in children, bronchitis,sinusitis, COPD exacerbations. Tx: Azithromycin or clarithromycin, 2nd or 3rd gen, cephalosporin. |
Moraxella catarrhalis
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Transmission: Fecal-oral
met: Catalase +, Oxidase -, ferments glucose. Path: diarrhea, UTI, Pneumonia, DX: Gram -, grows on EMB agar or McConkey Agar Antigenic Classification: O-antigen (outer portion of LPS), K-antigen (Capsule), H-antigen (flagella) |
Enterobacteriaceae
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Met: Indole +, b-hemolytic, ferments lactose
viruence: Pili, K-antigen, H-antigen. Toxins: LT, ST, Shiga-like toxin Path: Newborn meningitis, UTI, Nosocomial sepsis and pneumonia, Diarrhea Tx: Cephalasporins, Aminoglycosides, Bactrim, Fluoroquinolones Dx: gram -, EMB and MacConkey agar |
Escherichia coli
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Met: Indole -, ferments lactose
Path: Pneumonia, Nosocomial UTI and sepsis Tx: 3rd gen. Cephalosporins, Cipro |
Klebsiella pneumoniae
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Met: Urease, Indole -, don't ferment lactose
Path: UTI, Sepsis Tx: Ampicillin and Bactrim Dx:gram -, urine has high pH |
Proteus mirabilis
|
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transmission: fecal-oral
met: No H2S, don't ferment lactose Toxin: Shiga toxin Path: Bloody diarrhea with mucus and pus Tx: cipro, azithromycin, bactrim |
Shigella dysenteriae
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transmission: fecal-oral
Met: produces H2S, don't ferment lactose virulence: Capsule (VI antigen), Siderophore Path: Typhoid Fever- Fever, Abd. pain, liver or spleen enlargement, Rose spots on abd. Tx: Cipro, Ceftriaxone, Bactrim Misc: Facultative intracellular parasite- lives within macrophages. can live in Gallbladder. |
Salmonella Typhi
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Reservoir: pet turtles, chickens, eggs
Met: produces H2S, don't ferment lactose Virulence: Capsule (VI antigen) Motile Path: Parathyphoid fever, chronic carrier state, Osteomyelitis Tx: Cipro, Ceftriaxone, Bactrim. Azithromycin. |
Non-typhi Salmonella
|
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Transmission: Ingestion of contaminated food or water and unpasteurized milk.
Met: don't ferment lactose Virulence: V and W antigen, motile Path: Acute enterocolitis with fever, diarrhea and abd. pain. Dx: gram -, |
Yersinia enterocolitica
|
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transmission: fecal-oral,
morph: comma shaped, single polar flagellum Met: Oxidase +, ferments sugars except lactose. Toxin: Choleragen Path: Cholera (severe diarrhea with rice water stools, no pus) Tx: replace fluids, Doxycycline, cipro Dx: Gram -, Dark field microscopy, grows on TCBS agar |
Vibrio cholerae
|
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transmission: eating raw fish
morph: comma shaped single polar flagellum Met: Halophillic Path: Food poisoning Tx: Doxycycline, Cipro Dx: requires thiosulfate & bile salts |
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
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transmission: uncooked poultry, unpasteurized milk, fecal-oral
Morph: curved gram- rods with single polar flagellum Met: Microaerophilic, Oxidase +, Path: secretory or bloody diarrhea Tx: Cipro or erythromycin One of the most common causes of diarrhea in the world |
Campylobacter jejuni
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Morph: curved gram - rods with a tuft of polar flagellum.
Met: Microaerophilic and Urease + Path: Duodenal ulcers, chronic gastritis TX: Bismuth, ampicillin, metronidazole, and tetracycline. |
Heliobacter pylori
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Met: Obligate aerobe, Oxidase +
virulence: motile and hemolysin Toxin: Exotoxin A Path: Pneumonia, Osteomyelitis, burn wounds, sepsis Tx:Timentin, Piperacilin, Imipenem, Hard to kill Dx: green pigment , grape smell |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Met: oxidase+
virulence: extremely hard to kill Path: Nosocomial infections Tx:Bactrim, Cipro Dx: gram - |
Burkolderia cepacea
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Met: Oxidase -
virulence: Extremely hard to kill Path: Nosocomial Pneumonia, endocarditis, meningitis TX: Bactrim, Ticarcillin +/- aztreonam Dx: gram - |
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
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Met: Anaerobic, non-spore former, polysaccharide capsule, normal GI flora
Path: Abscesses in GI tract, pelvis, and lungs Tx: Metronidazole, Clindamycin, Chloramphenicol, surgical drain DX: gram -, |
Bacteroides fragilis
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Met: normal GI flora, Anaerobic,
Path: Necrotizing anaerobic pneumonia, peridontal disease. Tx: Metronidazole, Clindamycin Dx: gram -, produces a black pigment on blood agar. |
Bacteroides melaninogenicus
|
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Met: Anaerobic, non-spore former.
Path: Necrotizing anaerobic pneumonia, periodontal disease, abd or pelvic abscesses otitis media TX: Pen G Dx: gram - |
Fusobacterium
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Transmission: Obligate human paraside, respiratory route
Virulence: Capsule a-f, attachment pili, IgA protease. Path: Meningitis, acute epiglottitis, septic arthritis, Sepsis, pneumonia Tx: 2nd or 3rd gen. cephalosporin, Hib vaccine Dx: gram -, chocolate agar, positive quellung reaction |
Haemophilus influenzae
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STD
Path: Chancroid Tx: Azithromycin, ceftriaxone, cipro Dx: gram -, |
Haemophilis ducreyl
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Met: Anaerobic, non-spore former, polysaccharide capsule, normal GI flora
Path: Abscesses in GI tract, pelvis, and lungs Tx: Metronidazole, Clindamycin, Chloramphenicol, surgical drain DX: gram -, |
Bacteroides fragilis
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Met: normal GI flora, Anaerobic,
Path: Necrotizing anaerobic pneumonia, peridontal disease. Tx: Metronidazole, Clindamycin Dx: gram -, produces a black pigment on blood agar. |
Bacteroides melaninogenicus
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Met: Anaerobic, non-spore former.
Path: Necrotizing anaerobic pneumonia, periodontal disease, abd or pelvic abscesses otitis media TX: Pen G Dx: gram - |
Fusobacterium
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Transmission: Obligate human paraside, respiratory route
Virulence: Capsule a-f, attachment pili, IgA protease. Path: Meningitis, acute epiglottitis, septic arthritis, Sepsis, pneumonia Tx: 2nd or 3rd gen. cephalosporin, Hib vaccine Dx: gram -, chocolate agar, positive quellung reaction |
Haemophilus influenzae
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STD
Path: Chancroid Tx: Azithromycin, ceftriaxone, cipro Dx: gram -, |
Haemophilis ducreyl
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STD
Path: Bacterial vaginitis (fishy odor) Tx: metronidazole Dx: Clue Cells (vaginal epithelial cells with tiny pleomorphic gram - bacilli |
Gardnerella vaginalis
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Highly contagious, respiratory spread
virulence: Filamentous hemagglutinin toxin: Petussis toxin Path: Whooping Cough Tx: Erythromycin, Vaccine Dx: gram -, Bordet-Gengou media High risk groups: infants under 1 year, adults |
Bordetella pertussis
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found in water, air-conditioner system, cooling towers
Path: Pontiac fever (headache, fever, muscle aches and fatigue; self-limiting) Legionnaries disease Tx: Erythromycin, rifampin DX: gram -, buffered charcoal yeast extract. |
Legionella pneumophila
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Reservoir: Wild rodents, city rats, squirrels and prairie dogs
Transmission: Flea bites, contact with infected animal tissue, Inhaled aerosolized organisms. Met: F. anaerobe, Path: Bubonic Plague (regional lymph nodes swell become red, hot, and tender) Sepsis, Pneumonic plague Tx: Streptomycin, Doxycycline, killed vaccine affective for a few months. Dx: gram - rods with biploar staining. |
Yersinia pestis
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Reservoir: Wild & domestic animals
transmission: Unpasteurized milk Path: Enterocolitis Tx: Cipro, Bactrim, Cephalosporin resistant! Dx: cold enrichment of stool with saline, bipolar staining |
Yersinia enterocolitica
|
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reservoir: Rabbits, squirrels, ticks
transmission: bite of tick, deerfly, or infected animal Met: Obligate aerobe, requires cysteine Path: Tularemia (ulcer at the site of bite) Tx: Gentamicin, Doxycycline. |
Francisella tularensis
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Reservoir: Goats, cattle, Pigs, dogs
transmission: contact with livestock or aborted placentas, ingestion of infected milk products Path: Brucellosis (Undulating fever, weakness, loss of appetite) Tx: Pasteurization of Milk, Treat with doxycycline and one other drug. Dx: culture of blood, bone marrow. |
Brucella
Brucella melitensis Brucella abortus Brucella suis Brucella canis |
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Reservoir: Humans
Morph: gram - transmission: direct contact, eyes, genitals, lungs met: Elementary body (dense spherule that infect cells. Path: Trachoma, inclusion conjunctivitis, infant pneumonia, PID Tx: Azithromycin, Dx: cannot be grown on artificial media |
Chlamydia trachomatis
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