Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Redox reactions
|
involve the transfer of electrons during a chemical reaction.
|
|
Reduction
|
Gaining an electron, reducing its charge
|
|
Oxidation
|
A molecule that loses an electron, increasing its charge
|
|
Redox Potential
|
The change in energy from an electron donor to the electron acceptor is measured in volts
|
|
Substrate Level Phosphorylation
|
Synthesis of ATP using phosphorylated organic molecule as donor of a phosphate molecule to ADP
|
|
Oxidative Phosphorylation
|
Catalyzation of ADP with inorganic phosphate to produce ATP, using the ATP Synthase, and energy from the Proton Motive Force.
|
|
Enzymes
|
Protein catalyst (lowers activation energy) that are highly specific for the reactions they catalyze.
|
|
Common phosphate bonds in componds
|
1. Phosphoenolpyruvate -> anhydride bond
2. ATP -> anhydride and ester bond 3. Glucose 6-phosphate -> Ester Bond 4. Acetyl-CoA -> Thioester Bond 5. Acetyl Phosphate -> Anhydride bond |
|
Glycolysis
|
1. Occurs in the cytoplasm
2. 1 glucose broken down into 2 pyruvate 3. 2 ATP are spent 4. 4 ATP are generated (Net yield = 2 ATP) 5. 2 NADH + H+ are generated 6. Occurs whether glucose is fermented or respired |
|
Citric Acid Cycle
|
1. Occurs in respiration, where two molecules of pyruvate generated by glycolysis are completely oxidized to CO2
2. Occurs in Cytoplasm 3. Generates: a. 4 molecules of NADH + H+ b. 1 molecule FADH2 c. 1 molecule of GTP (that can be converted later to ATP) |
|
Electron Transport Chain
|
1. Series of enzymes located in Plasma Membrane
2. Oxidizes NADH and FADH2 generated during Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle 3. Ultimately donates electrons to oxygen forming water 4. Decreasing Free Energy and increasing Electronegativity keep electron flow unidirectional 5. Some enzymes accept electrons + hydrogen 6. Hydrogen ions translocated unidirectionally across membrane 7. Some carriers accept electrons only |
|
Types of Enzymes that Participate in ETC
|
1. NADH dehydrogenases
2. Flavoproteins 3. Iron-sulfur proteins 4. Cytochromes |
|
ATP Synthase
|
1. Synthesizes ATP through oxidative phosphorylation
2. Parts F0 = Carries out he ion translocating function F1 = Carries out the chemical function. |
|
ATP Synthase
How does it work? |
1. H+ ions build up in the periplasmic space.
2. pH gradient and electrical gradient develops, creating a the proton motive force 3. H* ions use proton motive force to move through ATP Synthase, creating a rotation. 4. That rotation changes some of the subunits ATP Synthase that allows them to bind ADP and P to make ATP. |
|
Diiference between anaerobic respiration and aearobic?
|
1. Aerobic = terminal electron acceptor is oxygen
2. Anaerobic = terminal electron acceptor is an inorganic compound other than oxygen |
|
Fermentation
|
Is the partial break down of pyruvate without the assistance of oxygen creatine NAD and waist products of CO2 and alcohol.
|