Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what is the difference between moist and dry heat? |
moist heat uses water and dry heat does not |
|
what are 3 types of moist heat? |
boiling, autoclaving, pasteurizing |
|
what are 2 types of dry heat? |
ovens and incinerators |
|
what is thermal death time? |
length of time required to kill all bacteria in a sample |
|
what is the difference between antiseptics and disinfectants? |
antiseptics are used on living tissue and disinfectants are used on inanimate objects |
|
what is a zone of inhibition? |
area around an antimicrobial disk with no growth |
|
what does it mean if there is no zone of inhibition? |
agent is ineffective |
|
what type of agar is used for the antimicrobial disk diffusion assay? |
Mueller Hinton |
|
what is the mode of action for tetracycline? |
inhibit protein synthesis |
|
what is the mode of action for penicillin? |
inhibit cell wall synthesis |
|
what is the mode of action for vancomycin? |
inhibit cell wall synthesis |
|
what is the mode of action for erythromycin? |
inhibit protein synthesis |
|
what is the mode of action for rifampin? |
inhibit nucleic acid synthesis |
|
why do we measure the zone of inhibition? |
to test whether the agent is resistant, intermediate, or susceptible |
|
how do you know which antibiotic is most effective? |
the largest zone size |
|
what is a starter culture? |
bacteria used to initiate souring |
|
what is the purpose of the milk in the yogurt experiment? |
provides lactose to make lactic acid |
|
what is fermented in the yogurt experiment? |
bacteria |
|
what bacteria are involved in the yogurt experiment? |
lactobacillus thermophilus and streptococcus bulgaricus |
|
what is a catalase test? |
hydrogen peroxide is placed into the bacteria growth |
|
what type of agar is used for the throat swab test? |
blood agar |
|
what are the 3 steps of a disk diffusion assay? |
uniform inoculation disks placed on surface incubation causes diffusion of disks |
|
what is bacteria fermentation? |
carbohydrates are broken down for energy in the absence of oxygen |
|
what is the streak method? |
bacteria falls off with each streak and colonies are created |
|
what is the spread method? |
bacteria is spread evenly and easily counted |
|
what is the pour method? |
agar and bacteria are poured into Petri dish to minimize contamination but risks aerobically growing bacteria |
|
what is selective agar |
prevents growth of unwanted bacteria without inhibiting desired bacteria |
|
what is differential agar? |
used to identify bacteria by how they grow in agar |
|
what is the selective part of MSA? |
salt |
|
what is the differential part of MSA? |
mannitol |
|
what is the selective part of EMB? |
added dyes |
|
what is the differential part of EMB? |
added sugar |
|
what is normal flora? |
salt-tolerating, drying-resistant bacteria that is always on skin |
|
what is the difference between s.aureus and s.epidermidis? |
SA ferments mannitol and turns it yellow SE tolerates salt and grows on MSA |
|
what is alpha hemolysis? |
partial rbc and hemoglobin destruction |
|
what is beta hemolysis? |
complete destruction of rbc |
|
what is gamma hemolysis? |
no rbc destruction |