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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Microbes that cause disease are termed |
Pathogens |
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The theory that some forms of life arise from nonliving matter is referred to |
Spontaneous generation |
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A parasitic worm may also be referred to as |
Helminths |
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A symbiotic relationship where there is no perceived cost or benefit to The Host |
Commensalism |
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Acids add |
Hydrogen ions H+ |
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Movement of bacteria in response to chemicals |
Chemotaxis |
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What is the size of ribosomes in eukaryotes |
80s |
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What type of reactions occur when reactions use more energy than released |
Endergonic |
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Three types of RNA |
Transfer, ribosomal, messenger |
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A variation in the size and shape of cells of a single species due to nutritional and genetic differences |
Pleomorphic |
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What is the purpose of the mordant in the Gram stain |
To complex with or hold Crystal violet |
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Why are basic stains used when performing a simple stain |
They have a net positive charge |
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PH =? |
-log [H+] |
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What best describes what happens when a bacterial cell is placed in pure water a hypotonic solution |
The water will move into the cell |
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By which of the following mechanisms can a cell transport a substance from a lower to a higher concentration |
Active transport |
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When bacteria have several flagella surrounding the cell this type of flagellar arrangement is called |
Peritrichous |
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Fimbriae |
Are used primarily for attachment |
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The entire collection of genetic material in a cell or virus is termed |
Genome |
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In DNA blank binds to blank |
A binds to T |
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Which of the following are true pathogens that can cause fungal infections of the skin, hair, and nails |
Dermatophytes |
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Which of the following is a process by which things are imported into the cell |
Endocytosis |
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Which scientist suggested hand-washing was a way to reduce infections |
Ignaz semmelweis |
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Which scientist made and used simple microscopes |
Van leeuwenhoek |
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What is a holoenzyme |
Complete active enzyme with cofactor |
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A blank is an organism that grows best at 37 degrees Celsius |
Mesophile |
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The maximum rate of cell division occurs during the blank growth phase |
Exponential |
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Microbes that thrive in high-salt environments are called |
Halophiles |
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Which of the following is a technique used to reduce microbes by applying high heat for a short period Of time |
Pasteurization |
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Number of cells or viron needed to establish an infection in 50% of exposed host is referred to |
Infectious dose - 50 |
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Which of the following inhibits mycolic acid |
Isoniazid |
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Which of the following inhibits folic acid synthesis |
Sulfonamide |
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Which of the following inhibits nucleic acid synthesis DNA gyrase |
Ciprofloxacin |
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Which of the following interacts with membrane phospholipids distort the cell surface and cause leakage of proteins and nitrogenous bases |
Polymyxin |
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Which of the following is a gaseous sterilant |
Ethylene oxide |
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A game of electrons is often referred to |
Reduction |
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If you wanted to just inhibit the growth of bacteria but not kill it which of the following types of drugs would you use |
Bacteriostatic |
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Metabolic pathways that have both catabolic and anabolic components are termed |
Amphibolic |
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Which of the following acts like an electron shuttle |
NAD+ |
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The three main classes of drugs that Target fungal plasma membranes are azoles, allyamines, and |
Polyenes |
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Which of the following occurs if an epidemic spreads to numerous countries |
Pandemic |
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Superoxide dismutase and blank are enzymes that can detoxify harmful oxygen |
Catalase |
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Blank eliminates all bacteria, viruses, and endospores |
Sterilization |
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Diseases that are spread from animals to humans are termed |
Zoonotic |
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A community of mixed microbes living together |
Biofilm |
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Microbial growth is |
An increase in cell number |
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Which of the following requires oxygen to grow |
Obligate aerobe |
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Which of the following grows with or without oxygen and uses if present |
Facultative anaerobe |
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Which of the following cannot grow if oxygen is present |
Obligate anaerobe |
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Hemolytic disease of the newborn can result from |
An RH - mother with an RH + fetus |
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Organic molecules Deadpool Iron from our iron binding proteins are termed |
Siderophores |
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Which type of transplant is most compatible |
Autograft |
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When pathogens squeeze between the endothelial cells in blood vessel this is called |
Diapedesis |
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The most abundant class of antibodies in serum |
IgG |
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Antibodies that can bind to larger parasite |
IgE |
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Which of the following is a vasoactive molecule |
Histamine |
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The antibody that is produced first following an infection is |
IGM |
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The concentration of antibodies in Serum is called |
Titer |
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When activated B cells form what type of cells that can produce antibodies |
Plasma |
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Immunity due to injection of an antigen is an example of |
Artificially acquired active immunity |
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Newborns immunity due to the transfer of antibodies across the placenta is an example of |
Naturally acquired passive immunity |
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Which of the following is linked to cross reactivity after infection with campylobacter jejuni. |
Guillain-Barre syndrome |
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In which type of hypersensitivity reactions are mast cells and basophils involved |
Type 1 |
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Which type of hypersensitivity reactions are not antibody-mediated types of reactions |
Type 4 |
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Where do T cells mature |
Thymus |
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Which of the following can punch holes in target cells leading to lysis |
Perforins |
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Immunoglobulin proteins produced in response to an antigen that can bind with the antigen are termed |
Antibodies |
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Which of the following causes whooping cough |
Bordetella pertussis |
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Shortness of breath is also called |
Dyspnea |
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The common cold is caused by |
Viruses |
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The portion of an antigenic molecule to which a lymphocyte responds is |
Epitope |
Tip Top |
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What type of Elisa is performed when you want to detect antibodies in a patient sample |
Indirect |
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Which of the following causes walking pneumonia |
Mycoplasma pneumoniae |
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Agglutination of red blood cells is |
Hemagglutination |
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Who is the first person to successfully immunize people against smallpox |
Edward Jenner |
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What enzyme can break down the bacterial cell wall and is found in secretions such as tears and saliva |
Lysozyme |
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What type of vaccination contains altered pathogens that do not cause disease but are still infectious |
Live attenuated vaccine |
Lav |
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The steps of PCR are melting, extension, and |
Annealing |
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What type of hypersensitivity develops when IGG or IGM antibodies bind 2 soluble targets |
Type 3 |
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What type of hypersensitivity occurs when I G G or IGM by two non soluble antigens of the surface of a cell or within the extracellular environment |
Type 2 |
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Which of the following processes tags The Invader with complement proteins which will more ready clear the Invaders by phagocytic cells |
Opsonization |
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Scarlet fever is caused by |
S. Pyogenes |
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Pneumococcal pneumonia is caused by which of the following bacteria |
Streptococcus pneumoniae |
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Inappropriate immune responses such as allergies and autoimmunity are often termed |
Hypersensitivities |
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