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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Matrix Structure
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Business theory that states employees may be assigned to one or more projects at a given time, but their home department will remain the same
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Hierarchical Structure
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Business philosophy that states the team might remain largely the same as projects come and go
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Customer Driven Team Structure
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Business philosophy that states projects come and go, but the type of customer remains largely the same
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slack time
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the amount of time an activity of the project can be delayed without delaying the project's completion.
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Critical Activities
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the activities on which the scheduled completion of the project depends. No slack time.
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Critical Path
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The longest path a project will take to complete its way through its network
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Crashing
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finding a way to complete an activity more quickly than expected
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Flexibility
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system's ability to respond to uncertainty and variability
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hard automation
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the automation of dedicated equipment which adds very specialized capabilities to equipment
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flexible automation
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variable process capable of controlling equipment that produces a variety of goods
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Machine level flexibility
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flexibility that originates from equipment
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facility level flexibility
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the flexibility of a system that is referred to as a whole
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Computer Integrated manufacturing (CIM)
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the process which combines automated process and material handling technologies with other computer based manufacturing technologies so the computers can communicate.
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Business Process Reengineering (BPR)
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A "blow it up and start over" improvement technique frequently used to reinvent processes that are weak because they span functional boundaries in hierarchical organization charts but arent coordinated across these boundaries.
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Capacity
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The maximum rate of output from a process
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Capacity Strategy
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The set of long-term decisions a firm makes about the size of its plants and equipment.
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Delphi forecasting method
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An approach to generating forecasts from expert opinions in which the forecaster uses a series of surveys to develop a consensus on the subject
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Scenario Planning forecasting
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A forecasting method where long-term planners deal with uncertainty by preparing for a variety of possible situations
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Learning Rate
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The percentage reduction in the time required to produce one unit each time production doubles
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Increasing returns to scale
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when operating at low volumes, the average unit cost of producing (n+1) units is lower than the average unit cost of producing (n) units, increasing returns to scale.
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Decreasing returns to scale
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A situation where variable costs may begin to rise due to problems associated with higher volumes.
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Economy of Scale
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The economic advantage that is often associated with the ability to operate at higher volumes
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Diseconomy of Scale
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An economic disadvantage associated with operating at higher volumes
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Competitive clustering
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An approach used by motels and automobile dealerships to locate themselves close to competitors.
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Saturation Market
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An approach that segments high-density urban areas into small, focused markets such as shopping malls and office buildings.
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Fixed position layout
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A layout in which value-adding resources travel to the customer, but materials do not travel through a value-adding system.
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Product layout
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A layout in which the value-adding resources are arranged in the order in which materials or customers must flow to complete the product-service bundle.
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Process layout
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A layout in which value-adding resources are arranged in groups based on what they do.
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Simplified systematic layout planning (A-E-I-O-U-X)
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a tool used to develop process-oriented layouts in service organizations and other settings where the need for proximity between departments is influenced by a number of qualitative factors.
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Cycle time
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on an assembly line, the time allowed for each workstation to complete its portion of the work on one unit of output.
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minimum cycle time
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the amount of time it takes to complete the longest task in the line.
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Worker soldiering
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the social pressure to perform your work in a particular way.
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Job enlargement
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add skill variety through the addition of new tasks
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Job enrichment
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adds task significance and enhances autonomy by combining various jobs.
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Job rotation
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adds skill variety by moving workers through a series of different jobs over a prescribed period.
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