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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Social perspectives
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considering behaviour in terms of social norms
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Cultural perspectives
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considering behaviour in terms of cultural norms
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Community perspectives
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considering behaviour in terms of community norms
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Normal distribution curve
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also known as a bell curve, where most of the data is clustered around the mean
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Statistical definition
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description of a variable where data is used to define what lies inside and outside the n=bounds of 'normal'
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Mental health
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to have both normal cognitive functioning and emotional well-being, and also the absence of mental disorder or illness
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Mental illness
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set of conditions or disorders which result in or cause abnormal behaviour and adversely impact on the individual and those around them
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Dimensional
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where the symptom is not only evaluated on its presence or absence but also on its severity or degree
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Categorical
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diagnosis and classification approach that simply looks at whether a necessary symptom or sign is present or absent, these clinical features then taken together determine diagnosis
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Transitional
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distinction between normal and abnormal that is not absolute or categorical but rather a zone where there can be a varying degree of the symptom or characteristic
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Grading
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where a clinician will rate the severity of the symptom or disorder by allocating a score or grade
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Biopsychosocial
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a way of understanding how biological, psychological and social factors interact to contribute to an individuals state of health
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Stress
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A psychological and physical response of the body that occurs whenever we must adapt to changing conditions, whether those conditions be real or perceived, positive or negative.
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Stressor
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a change of the immediate environment in whih directly effects an organism
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Stress response
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the set of responses the organism undertakes as a consequence of experiencing a stressor
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Endocrinologist
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medical speicalist in hormones
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Non-specific stress response
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another component of the stress response which is similar in all people regurardless of the stressor
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Noradrenaline
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neurotransmitter that mediates physiological symptoms of anxiety and fear
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Adrenaline
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a hormone released by the adrehal gland, which stimulates responsers to stressors
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Fight-or-flight response
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what an individual would do if confronted by a threat, e.g. a wild animal
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Homeostasis
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the relative constancy of the international environment despite external enviromental changes
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Acute stress disorder
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develops when someone has been exposed to a particuarly traumatic stressor. It lasts for a maximum of four weeks
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Post-traumatic stress disorder
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develops when someone has witnessed or suffered something especially truamatic or horiffic and lasts months or years
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Eustressors
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positive stresses
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Eustress
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the associated stress response to positive stressor
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Distressors
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negative stressors
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Distress
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the associated stress response to a negative stressor
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Transactional model for stress and coping
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A model where the stress response is only elicited if the individual believes that the stressor will seriously tax or exceed their available resources
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Primary apprasial
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When an individual decides if a situation is possibly stressful, a challenge or irrelevant in the transactional model of stress and coping
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Secondary aprasial
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When an individual takes into account the recources available to them- personal, enviromnemtal, social and cultural- and their own coping strategies to decide what way is besy to cope with or adress the stressor
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Prblem-focused
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seeks to adress the practical effects of the stressor and is aimed at reducing the effect of the stressor of adapting to this impact
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Emotion-focused coping
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seeks to primarily adress the emotion elicited by this stressor
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Social capital
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the amount of social exchange, solidarity, sense of communtiy, trust and equality thar exists within a soical group
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Social deprivation
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when someon is at a lower level of socio-economic level than others and believe they are being deprived in some way
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Allostasis
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the process maintining stability though change in the face of stressors
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Allostasis response
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where we adapt or deal with the various challenges (or stressors) to our daily life to fulfill our general biological functions
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Allostasis load
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the consequenses of an allostasis response to our body
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Allostasis overload
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where the stressor exceeds the capasity of the organism to adapt and therefore the organism must change its usual biological functions to survive
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Heterostatis
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the overwhelming of the organism
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Biofeedback
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a mechanism by whith a physiological processes are brought to the attention ofthe individual through the use of the sensors and the other electrical instruments
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EMG biofeedback
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measures the amount of muscle tension present in a particular muscle group througha skin electrode
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Temprature biofeedback
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based on the principle that activation of the SA system results in blood vessels to the skin constricting the preferentially send blood to the essential organs and away from non-essential organs like skin
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Meditation
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a collectionof different stratiges that aim to direct aperson's focus away from current everyday concerns
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Concentrative method
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where the erson focuses on a single thought or function, such as breathing, and disimisses all other thoughts, ideas, emotions or distractions
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Non-concentrative method
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where the person focuses upon their current thought or emotion not directly, but observes it if they were in someone else's shoes
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Relaxation
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most commonly recognised way of dealing with chronic stress
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Progressive relaxation
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where the persons sits comfortably in a space free from distraction and tightens and relaxes each muscle group
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Hypnosis
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where the therapist induces a state of relaxation through suggestion
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Anaerobic exerscise
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brief intense bursts of physical activity, such as weightlifting, that do not utilise oxygen
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Aerobic exersises
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physical exertion thst leads to a sustained increase on heart rate and output, increased breathing rate and volume, to increase blood flow and oxygenation to the muscles involved in the activity
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Endorphins
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a group of chemicals released from neurons that induce feelings of well-being and reduce pain
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