Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
CAFFEINE |
-trimethylxanthine alkaloid w/ mild diuretic and stimulant properties -theobromine, similar secondary product found in chocolate and cola, stronger diuretic -important calming agent; 250-300mg caffeine calm overactive child, 1973 study |
|
|
COFFEE |
-small tree native to highlands of ethiopia -fruit two seeded red berry -seeds "beans", of fruit are extracted, fermented, dried and roasted |
|
|
TEA |
-large shrub, native to SE Asia, cultivated in china, japan, sri lanka and india -evidence for use as beverage dates back at least 3000 years in china -british later dominated European trade in green (and later black) tea, by 1790s over 20 million pounds of tea shipped annually to england -produced from new, young leaves, hand harvested -shrubs pruned back to facilitate harvesting, promote new growth -green tea; partially shredding, quickly drying leaves -black tea: leaves slowly dried for one day, shredded, dry slowly under cool damp conditions, material then dried or fired - black colour |
|
|
YERBA MATE |
-medium sized tree, native to sub tropical SA -tea-like beverage produced from dried leaves of the tree -young, newly emergent leaves are clipped, dried, and ground into powder -popular caffeinated beverage in SA -served in traditional cap (mate) fashioned from a dried gourd -1/3 filled with powdered leaf, rest hot water liquid then drawn through metal straw-strainer, bombilla |
|
|
GUAYUSA or AMAZONIAN HOLLY |
-large, 30m high holly tree native to amazonian forest of northern peru an adjacent ecuador -closely related yerba mate tree -highest known caffeine content -used ritualistically by achuar jivaro people, men drink up to 2 litres/day, men much less -heavy doses caffeine, lead to number of adverse effects; severe headache, bloodshot eyes, even mild hallucinations -men avoid symptoms by inducing vomiting 45 min after binge drinking |
|
|
COCA, CACAO or CHOCOLATE TREE |
-small understory tree native to tropical SA widely cultivated in west aftica -initial stage of chocolate production, beans are extracted from mature fruit, fermented for a few days -fermented seeds sun dried -fermentation and drying steps are critical, result in chemical changes -dried beans stored, shipped NA and Europe for processing -chocolate contains 2-3% theobromine, stimulant similar to caffeine -oldest evidence of chocolate consumption, mayan drinking it 1500 ya -1st major shipment of cocoa, 1585 |
|
|
COLA |
-medium sized tree native to humid tropical rainforests of west-central africa -closely related to cocoa tree -pod-like fruit contains 8-12 bitter tasting seeds -principle stimulant is caffeine, theobromine is also present -cola flavouring, extracted from cola using hot water -beans chewed as oral stimulant in west africa, particularly Niger and Nigeria -beans initially bitter tasting, sweeter as they're chewed -mild stimulant to relive hunger pais, relief of various ailments |
|
|
GUARANA |
woody climbing plant native tropical SA initially used by Satere Maue tribe Amazonian Brazil to produce caffeinated beverages roasted red/black seeds high in caffeine cultivated widely as shrub in manaus region amazonian brazil carbonated beverages containing guarana very popular in brazil main stimulant ingredient in "high energy" beverages |
