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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
bile
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a yellow or greenish viscid alkaline fluid secreted by the liver and passed into the duodenum where it aids especially in the emulsification and absorption of fats
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bile
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a yellow or greenish viscid alkaline fluid secreted by the liver and passed into the duodenum where it aids especially in the emulsification and absorption of fats -- called also fel
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cecum
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a cavity open at one end (as the blind end of a duct); especially : the blind pouch at the beginning of the large intestine into which the ileum opens from one side and which is continuous with the colon
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colon
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the part of the large intestine that extends from the cecum to the rectum
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duodenum
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the first, shortest, and widest part of the small intestine that in humans is about 10 inches (25 centimeters) long and that extends from the pylorus to the undersurface of the liver where it descends for a variable distance and receives the bile and pancreatic ducts and then bends to the left and finally upward to join the jejunum near the second lumbar vertebra
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esophagus
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a muscular tube that in adult humans is about nine inches (23 centimeters) long and passes from the pharynx down the neck between the trachea and the spinal column and behind the left bronchus where it pierces the diaphragm slightly to the left of the middle line and joins the cardiac end of the stomach
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lower esophageal sphincter
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the somewhat thickened muscular ring surrounding the opening between the esophagus and the stomach
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gastrointestinal tract
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the stomach and intestine as a functional unit
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ileum
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the last division of the small intestine that constitutes the part between the jejunum and large intestine and in humans forms the last three fifths of the part of the small intestine beyond the end of the duodenum and that is smaller and thinner-walled than the jejunum with fewer circular folds but more numerous Peyer's patches
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jejunum
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the section of the small intestine that comprises the first two fifths beyond the duodenum and that is larger, thicker-walled, and more vascular and has more circular folds and fewer Peyer's patches than the ileum
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palate
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the roof of the mouth separating the mouth from the nasal cavity
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pancreas
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a large lobulated gland that in humans lies in front of the upper lumbar vertebrae and behind the stomach and is somewhat hammer-shaped and firmly attached anteriorly to the curve of the duodenum with which it communicates through one or more pancreatic ducts and that consists of (1) tubular acini secreting digestive enzymes which pass to the intestine and function in the breakdown of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates; (2) modified acinar cells that form islets of Langerhans between the tubules and secrete the hormones insulin and glucagon; and (3) a firm connective-tissue capsule that extends supportive strands into the organ
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peritoneum
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the smooth transparent serous membrane that lines the cavity of the abdomen of a mammal, is folded inward over the abdominal and pelvic viscera, and consists of an outer layer closely adherent to the walls of the abdomen and an inner layer that folds to invest the viscera
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pylorus or pyloric sphincter
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the opening from the vertebrate stomach into the intestine
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rectum
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the terminal part of the intestine from the sigmoid colon to the anus
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uvula
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1 : the pendent fleshy lobe in the middle of the posterior border of the soft palate
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gallbladder
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a membranous muscular sac in which bile from the liver is stored -- called also cholecyst
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peristalsis
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successive waves of involuntary contraction passing along the walls of a hollow muscular structure (as the esophagus or intestine) and forcing the contents onward
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aphagia
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loss of the ability to swallow
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ascites
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abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the spaces between tissues and organs in the cavity of the abdomen
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diarrhea
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abnormally frequent intestinal evacuations with more or less fluid stools
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dyspepsia
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indigestion
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dysphagia
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difficulty in swallowing
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flatus
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gas generated in the stomach or bowels
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halitosis
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a condition of having fetid breath
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hematemesis
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the vomiting of blood
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hepatomegaly
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enlargement of the liver
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jaundice
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a yellowish pigmentation of the skin, tissues, and certain body fluids caused by the deposition of bile pigments that follows interference with normal production and discharge of bile (as in certain liver diseases) or excessive breakdown of red blood cells (as after internal hemorrhage or in various hemolytic states) -- called also icterus
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nausea
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a stomach distress with distaste for food and an urge to vomit
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adhesion
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the abnormal union of surfaces normally separate by the formation of new fibrous tissue resulting from an inflammatory process; also : the newly formed uniting tissue <pleural adhesions
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anorexia nervosa
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a serious eating disorder primarily of young women in their teens and early twenties that is characterized especially by a pathological fear of weight gain leading to faulty eating patterns, malnutrition, and usually excessive weight loss
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appendicitis
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inflammation of the vermiform appendix -- called also epityphlitis
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cholecystitis
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inflammation of the gallbladder
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cholelithiasis
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production of gallstones; also : the resulting abnormal condition
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cirrhosis
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widespread disruption of normal liver structure by fibrosis and the formation of regenerative nodules that is caused by any of various chronic progressive conditions affecting the liver (as long-term alcohol abuse or hepatitis
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colitis
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inflammation of the colon
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diverticulitis
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inflammation or infection of a diverticulum of the colon that is marked by abdominal pain or tenderness often accompanied by fever, chills, and cramping
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diverticulosis
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an intestinal condition characterized by the presence of diverticula in the colon that is typically symptomless but may be marked by symptoms (as bleeding or constipation)
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enteritis
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1 : inflammation of the intestines and especially of the human ileum
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esophagitis
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inflammation of the esophagus
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gastritis
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inflammation especially of the mucous membrane of the stomach
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gastroenteritis
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inflammation of the lining membrane of the stomach and the intestines
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gastroesophageal reflux disease
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a highly variable chronic condition that is characterized by periodic episodes of gastroesophageal reflux usually accompanied by heartburn and that may result in histopathologic changes in the esophagus -- abbreviation GERD
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giardiasis
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infestation with or disease caused by a flagellate protozoan of the genus Giardia (especially G. lamblia) that is often characterized by diarrhea -- called also lambliasis
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gingivitis
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inflammation of the gums
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glossitis
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inflammation of the tongue
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hemorrhoids
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a mass of dilated veins in swollen tissue at the margin of the anus or nearby within the rectum -- usually used in plural; called also piles
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hepatitis
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1 : inflammation of the liver
2 : a disease or condition (as hepatitis A or hepatitis B) marked by inflammation of the liver |
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hiatal hernia
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: a hernia in which an anatomical part (as the stomach) protrudes through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm -- called also hiatus hernia
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ileitis
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inflammation of the ileum
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ileus
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obstruction of the bowel; specifically : a condition that is commonly marked by a painful distended abdomen, vomiting of dark or fecal matter, toxemia, and dehydration and that results when the intestinal contents back up because peristalsis fails although the lumen is not occluded
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inguinal hernia
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a hernia in which part of the intestine protrudes into the inguinal canal
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intussusception
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INVAGINATION; especially : the slipping of a length of intestine into an adjacent portion usually producing obstruction
2 : the deposition of new particles of formative material among those already embodied in a tissue or structure (as in the growth of living organisms) |
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pancreatitis
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inflammation of the pancreas
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parotitis
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inflammation and swelling of one or both parotid glands or other salivary glands (as in mumps)
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peritonitis
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inflammation of the peritoneum
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polyp
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a projecting mass of swollen and hypertrophied or tumorous membrane (as in the nasal cavity or the intestine)
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polyposis
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a condition characterized by the presence of numerous polyps
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rectocele
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herniation of the rectum through a defect in the intervening fascia into the vagina
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stomatitis
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any of numerous inflammatory diseases of the mouth having various causes (as mechanical trauma, allergy, vitamin deficiency, or infection)
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umbilical hernia
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a hernia of abdominal viscera at the navel -- called also exomphalos
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