Medical Terminology Chapters 15-18, Quiz 4

Front 1

Hypercalcemia

Back 1

Excessive calcium in the bloodstream

Front 2

Decalcification

Back 2

Removal of calcium from bones

Front 3

Kyphosis

Back 3

Abnormal posterior curvature of the thoracic vertebrae

Front 4

Laminectomy

Back 4

Removal of a lamina to relieve the symptoms of a ruptured intervertebral disc

Front 5

Lordosis

Back 5

Abnormal anterior curvature of the backbones in the lumbar region

Front 6

Lumbar

Back 6

Pertaining to the loins or lower back (near the waist) region

Front 7

Lumbosacral

Back 7

Pertaining to the lower back and the sacrum

Front 8

Myelopoiesis

Back 8

Formation of bone marrow

Front 9

Orthopedics

Back 9

The specialty of medicine dealing with bones and bone diseases (orth/o=straightened; ped/o=children)

Front 10

Osteitis

Back 10

Inflammation of bones

Front 11

Osteodystrophy

Back 11

Poor development of bones

Front 12

Osteogenesis

Back 12

Formation of bone

Front 13

Scoliosis

Back 13

Abnormal condition of lateral curvature of the spine

Front 14

Spondylosis

Back 14

Abnormal condition of vertebrae

Front 15

Vertebral

Back 15

Pertaining to a vertebrae

Front 16

Osteoblast

Back 16

Immature bone cell

Front 17

Osteoclast

Back 17

Large cell found in the bone marrow of growing bones; absorbs and removes unwanted bone tissue

Front 18

Spondylolisthesis

Back 18

Forward displacement of a vertebrae over a lower segment

Front 19

Osteomalacia

Back 19

Softening of bone

Front 20

Epiphysis

Back 20

End of a long bone

Front 21

Pubic symphysis

Back 21

Junction of the pubic bones on the midline in front of the body

Front 22

Osteoporosis

Back 22

Condition of increased porosity of bone with loss of bony tissue and decrease in bone mass

Front 23

Osteotome

Back 23

Instrument to cut bone

Front 24

Acetabular

Back 24

Pertaining to the acetabulum (hip socket)

Front 25

Calcaneal

Back 25

Pertaining to the calcaneus (heel bone)

Front 26

Carpals

Back 26

Pertaining to the wrist bones

Front 27

Supraclavicular

Back 27

Pertaining to above the collar bone

Front 28

Subcostal

Back 28

Pertaining to below the ribs

Front 29

Chondrocostal

Back 29

Pertaining to the cartilage attached to the ribs

Front 30

Craniotomy

Back 30

Incision of the skull

Front 31

Craniotome

Back 31

Instrument to cut the skull

Front 32

Femoral

Back 32

Pertaining to the thigh bone (femur)

Front 33

Fibular

Back 33

Pertaining to the smaller of the two lower leg bones (fibula)

Front 34

Humeral

Back 34

Pertaining to the upper arm bone (humerus)

Front 35

Iliac

Back 35

Pertaining to the ilium (upper portion of the hip bone)

Front 36

Ischial

Back 36

Pertaining to the ischium (lower and posterior part of the hip bone)

Front 37

Malleolar

Back 37

Pertaining to the malleolus (process on each side of the ankle)

Front 38

Mandibular

Back 38

Pertaining to the lower jaw bone

Front 39

Maxillary

Back 39

Pertaining to the upper jaw bone

Front 40

Metacarpectomy

Back 40

Removal of hand bones

Front 41

Metatarsalgia

Back 41

Pain in the foot bones

Front 42

Olecranal

Back 42

Pertaining to the elbow

Front 43

Patellar

Back 43

Pertaining to below the kneecap

Front 44

Pelvimetry

Back 44

Measurement of the proportions of the pelvic bone (before childbirth)

Front 45

Peroneal

Back 45

Pertaining to the fibula

Front 46

Phalangeal

Back 46

Pertaining to the finger or toe bones

Front 47

Pubic

Back 47

Pertaining to the pubis (anterior portion of the hip bone)

Front 48

Radial

Back 48

Pertaining to the lateral lower arm bone

Front 49

Scapular

Back 49

Pertaining to the shoulder bone

Front 50

Sternal

Back 50

Pertaining to the breast bone

Front 51

Tarsectomy

Back 51

Removal of ankle bones

Front 52

Tibial

Back 52

Pertaining to the tibia, the larger and inner of the two lower leg bones

Front 53

Ulnar

Back 53

Pertaining to the medial lower arm bone

Front 54

Ankylosis

Back 54

Abnormal stiffening and immobility of a joint

Front 55

Arthroplasty

Back 55

Surgical repair of a joint

Front 56

Arthrotomy

Back 56

Incision of a joint

Front 57

Hemarthrosis

Back 57

Abnormal condition of blood in a joint

Front 58

Hydrarthrosis

Back 58

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in a joint

Front 59

Polyarthritis

Back 59

Inflammation of many joints

Front 60

Articular cartilage

Back 60

The cartilage surrounding the bones in a joint

Front 61

Bursitis

Back 61

Inflammation of a bursa

Front 62

Achondroplasia

Back 62

Improper cartilage formation in development of bones (leads to a type of dwarfism)

Front 63

Chondroma

Back 63

Tumor (benign) of cartilage

Front 64

Chondromalacia

Back 64

Abnormal softening of cartilage

Front 65

Ligamentous

Back 65

Pertaining to a ligament

Front 66

Rheumatologist

Back 66

Specialist in treatment of joint disorders

Front 67

Synovitis

Back 67

Inflammation of synovial membrane

Front 68

Tenorrhaphy

Back 68

Suture of a tendon

Front 69

Tendinitis

Back 69

Inflammation of a tendon (tendonitis)

Front 70

Arthrodesis

Back 70

Binding together (surgical fusion) of a joint

Front 71

Spinal stenosis

Back 71

Narrowing of the neural canal or nerve root canals in the lumbar spine

Front 72

Fasciectomy

Back 72

Removal of fascia

Front 73

Fibromyalgia

Back 73

Pain of fibrous connective tissue and muscle

Front 74

Leiomyoma

Back 74

Tumor (benign) of a smooth muscle

Front 75

Leiomyosarcoma

Back 75

Tumor (malignant) of smooth muscle

Front 76

Myalgia

Back 76

Pain of a muscle

Front 77

Electromyography

Back 77

Process of recording the electricity in the muscle

Front 78

Myopathy

Back 78

Disease of muscles

Front 79

Myocardial

Back 79

Pertaining to heart muscle

Front 80

Myositis

Back 80

Inflammation of muscle

Front 81

Plantar flexion

Back 81

Bending downward of the sole of the foot

Front 82

Rhabdomyoma

Back 82

Tumor (benign) of a skeletal muscle

Front 83

Rhabdomyosarcoma

Back 83

Tumor (malignant) of skeletal muscle

Front 84

Myasthenia gravis

Back 84

Condition of muscle weakness caused by a failure in transmission of nervous impulses from a nerve to muscle cell

Front 85

Atrophy

Back 85

Decrease in size of a normally developed organ or tissue; wasting of tissue

Front 86

Hypertrophy

Back 86

Excessive development (increase in cell size)

Front 87

Amyotrophic

Back 87

Pertaining to loss of muscle development (in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, muscles can't move because of degeneration of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord)

Front 88

Abduction

Back 88

Process of carrying away (muscle is pulled away from the midline of the body)

Front 89

Adduction

Back 89

Process of carrying toward (muscle is pulled toward the midline of the body)

Front 90

Dorsiflexion

Back 90

Bending of the foot backward and upward

Front 91

Polymyalgia

Back 91

Pain of many muscles

Front 92

Adipose

Back 92

Pertaining to fat

Front 93

Albinism

Back 93

Condition of no pigment in skin, hair, and eyes (white skin)

Front 94

Causalgia

Back 94

Intense burning sensation in the skin (due to nerve damage)

Front 95

Electrocautery

Back 95

Wire used during surgery to burn through tissue

Front 96

Subcutaneous

Back 96

Pertaining to beneath the skin

Front 97

Epidermis

Back 97

Outermost layer of skin

Front 98

Dermatitis

Back 98

Inflammation of skin

Front 99

Dermatoplasty

Back 99

Surgical repair of the skin

Front 100

Dermatologist

Back 100

Specialist in diseases of the skin

Front 101

Dermabrasion

Back 101

A surgical procedure to remove acne scars, tattoos and fine wrinkles. Skin is scraped away; sandpaper or mechanical methods are used on frozen skin

Front 102

Epidermolysis

Back 102

Loosening of the skin

Front 103

Diaphoresis

Back 103

Condition of profuse sweating

Front 104

Erythema

Back 104

Condition of redness of the skin (flushing)

Front 105

Anhidrosis

Back 105

Condition of lack of sweat

Front 106

Ichthyosis

Back 106

Abnormal condition of dry, scaly skin

Front 107

Keratosis

Back 107

Abnormal condition of thickened areas of the skin (horny cells accumulate)

Front 108

Leukoplakia

Back 108

Condition of white plaques on the skin

Front 109

Lipoma

Back 109

Tumor (benign) of fat tissue

Front 110

Liposuction

Back 110

Removal of subcutaneous fat tissue with a blunt-tipped cannula (tube) through which suction (aspiration) is applied

Front 111

Melanocyte

Back 111

Cell that forms melanin and is found in the epidermis of the skin

Front 112

Melanoma

Back 112

Tumor (malignant) of melanocytes

Front 113

Mycosis

Back 113

Any disease caused by fungus

Front 114

Onycholysis

Back 114

Separation of nail plate from the nail bed in fungal infections or after trauma

Front 115

Onychomycosis

Back 115

Abnormal condition of fungal infection of nails

Front 116

Paronychia

Back 116

Condition of inflammation and swelling (infection) of the tissue around the nail

Front 117

Dermatophytosis

Back 117

Abnormal condition of fungus (plant) infection in the skin

Front 118

Pilosebaceous

Back 118

Pertaining to a sebaceous gland and hair

Front 119

Pyoderma

Back 119

Condition of pus infection within the skin

Front 120

Rhytidectomy

Back 120

Removal of wrinkles

Front 121

Seborrhea

Back 121

"Flow of sebum"; disturbance of sebaceous glands marked by increase in the flow of sebum

Front 122

Squamous Epithelium

Back 122

Pertaining to scale-like cells that cover the outside of the body (epidermis) and line the inner tubes of the body

Front 123

Steatoma

Back 123

Mass, tumor arising from sebaceous glands; sebaceous cyst

Front 124

Trichomycosis

Back 124

Disease of the hair due to a fungal infection

Front 125

Subungual

Back 125

Pertaining to under a nail

Front 126

Xanthoma

Back 126

Flat, slightly elevated, rounded plaque or nodule usually found on the eyelids

Front 127

Xeroderma

Back 127

Abnormal condition of dry, rough skin

Front 128

Aqueous humor

Back 128

Watery fluid that circulates through the posterior and anterior chambers of the eye

Front 129

Blepharitis

Back 129

Inflammation of an eyelid

Front 130

Blepharotosis

Back 130

Prolapse (sagging) of an eyelid

Front 131

Conjunctivitis

Back 131

Inflammation of the conjunctiva

Front 132

Anisocoria

Back 132

Pupils are of unequal size

Front 133

Corneal abrasion

Back 133

Defect in the surface of the cornea

Front 134

Cycloplegic

Back 134

Pertaining to paralysis of the ciliary muscle (causing paralysis of accommodation)

Front 135

Dacryoadenitis

Back 135

Inflammation of a lacrimal (tear) gland

Front 136

Iritis

Back 136

Inflammation of the iris

Front 137

Iridic

Back 137

Pertaining to the iris

Front 138

Iridectomy

Back 138

Removal of (a portion) of the iris

Front 139

Keratitis

Back 139

Inflammation of the cornea

Front 140

Lacrimal

Back 140

Pertaining to tears

Front 141

Lacrimation

Back 141

The process of forming tears

Front 142

Intraocular

Back 142

Pertaining to within the eye

Front 143

Ophthalmologist

Back 143

One who specializes in the study of the eye, its disorders and treatment

Front 144

Ophthalmic

Back 144

Pertaining to the eye

Front 145

Ophthalmoplegia

Back 145

Paralysis of the eye (muscles)

Front 146

Optic

Back 146

Pertaining to the eye or to vision

Front 147

Optometrist

Back 147

One who "measures" (examines) and prescribes lenses

Front 148

Optician

Back 148

One who grinds lenses and fits glasses

Front 149

Palpebral

Back 149

Pertaining to the eyelid

Front 150

Papilledema

Back 150

Swelling of the optic disc (associated with increased intracranial pressure) and hyperemia (increased blood flow)

Front 151

Phacoemulsification

Back 151

Technique of cataract extraction using high-frequency ultrasonic vibrations to remove the clouded lens

Front 152

Aphakia

Back 152

Absence of the lens of the eye

Front 153

Pupillary

Back 153

Pertaining to the pupil

Front 154

Retinitis

Back 154

Inflammation of the retina

Front 155

Hypertensive retinopathy

Back 155

Disease of the retina associated with (secondary to) high blood pressure

Front 156

Corneoscleral

Back 156

Pertaining to the cornea and scleral layers of the eye

Front 157

Scleritis

Back 157

Inflammation of the sclera

Front 158

Uveitis

Back 158

Inflammation of the urea (vascular layer of the eye)

Front 159

Vitreous humor

Back 159

Clear, watery fluid filling the jelly-like mass (vitreous body) that fills the cavity of the eyeball

Front 160

Amblyopia

Back 160

Dullness of vision (can be caused by poor nutrition, trauma to the eye, or suppression of vision in one eye to avoid diplopia)

Front 161

Diplopia

Back 161

Double vision (the perception of two images of a single object)

Front 162

Glaucoma

Back 162

Disease of the eye marked by increased intraocular pressure

Front 163

Miosis

Back 163

Condition of contraction of the pupils

Front 164

Mydriasis

Back 164

Condition of enlargement of the pupils

Front 165

Nyctalopia

Back 165

Condition of night blindness

Front 166

Photophobia

Back 166

Condition of sensitivity to light

Front 167

Presbyopia

Back 167

Condition of defective vision with advancing age; loss of accommodation

Front 168

Scotoma

Back 168

Area of depressed vision surrounded by area of normal vision (blind spot)

Front 169

Xerophthalmia

Back 169

Condition of dry eyes

Front 170

Hyperopia

Back 170

Farsightedness

Front 171

Hemianopsia

Back 171

Condition of absence of vision in half of a visual field

Front 172

Esotropia

Back 172

Condition of which the eyes turn inward

Front 173

Acoustic

Back 173

Pertaining to hearing or sound

Front 174

Audiogram

Back 174

Record of hearing as taken by an audiometer

Front 175

Auditory

Back 175

Pertaining to hearing

Front 176

Aural

Back 176

Pertaining to the ear

Front 177

Postauricular

Back 177

Pertaining to behind the ear

Front 178

Cochlear

Back 178

Pertaining to the cochlea (spiral-shaped tube in the inner ear)

Front 179

Mastoiditis

Back 179

Inflammation of the mastoid process (behind the ear)

Front 180

Myringotomy

Back 180

Incision of the eardrum

Front 181

Myringitis

Back 181

Inflammation of the eardrum

Front 182

Ossiculoplasty

Back 182

Surgical repair of a middle ear bone

Front 183

Otic

Back 183

Pertaining to the ear

Front 184

Otomycosis

Back 184

Abnormal condition of a fungal infection in the ear

Front 185

Otopyorrhea

Back 185

Discharge of pus from the ear

Front 186

Otolaryngologist

Back 186

Specialist in the ear and larynx (upper respiratory region)

Front 187

Salpingopharyngeal

Back 187

Pertaining to the eustachian tube and the throat

Front 188

Stapedectomy

Back 188

Removal of the stapes bone (middle ear bone)

Front 189

Tympanoplasty

Back 189

Surgical repair of the eardrum

Front 190

Vestibulocochlear

Back 190

Pertaining to the vestibule and cochlea of the inner ear; this is the 8th cranial nerve (acoustic nerve)

Front 191

Hyperacusis

Back 191

Abnormally acute sensitivity to sounds

Front 192

Presbycusis

Back 192

Progressive, bilateral hearing loss occurring with age

Front 193

Audiometer

Back 193

Instrument to measure the sharpness of hearing

Front 194

Macrotia

Back 194

Condition of large ears

Front 195

Microtia

Back 195

Condition of small ears

Front 196

Adenectomy

Back 196

Removal of a gland

Front 197

Adrenopathy

Back 197

Disease of adrenal glands

Front 198

Adrenalectomy

Back 198

Removal of an adrenal gland

Front 199

Gonadotropin

Back 199

Hormone that is secreted from the pituitary gland and acts on the gonads (ovaries and testes)

Front 200

Hypogonadism

Back 200

Condition of decreased function of the gonads, with decreased growth and sexual development

Front 201

Pancreatectomy

Back 201

Removal of the pancreas

Front 202

Parathyroidectomy

Back 202

Removal of the parathyroid glands

Front 203

Hypopituitarism

Back 203

Condition resulting from decreased secretion by the pituitary gland

Front 204

Thyroidtropic hormone

Back 204

Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that acts on the thyroid gland (TSH or thyroid-stimulating hormone)

Front 205

Thyroiditis

Back 205

Inflammation of the thyroid gland

Front 206

Androgen

Back 206

Hormone producing or stimulating male characteristcs

Front 207

Hypercalcemia

Back 207

Increased calcium in the blood

Front 208

Hypercalciuria

Back 208

High levels of calcium in urine

Front 209

Hypocalcemia

Back 209

Decreased calcium in the blood

Front 210

Corticosteroid

Back 210

Any of the hormones produced by the adrenal cortex

Front 211

Endocrinologist

Back 211

Specialist in diagnosis and treatment of endocrine gland disorders

Front 212

Polydipsia

Back 212

Condition of excessive thirst

Front 213

Estrogenic

Back 213

Pertaining to having properties similar to estrogen (producing estrogen-like effects)

Front 214

Glucagon

Back 214

Hormone from the pancreas that causes sugar to be released into the bloodstream when blood sugar levels are low

Front 215

Hyperglycemia

Back 215

Blood condition of increased sugar

Front 216

Glycemic

Back 216

Pertains to sugar in the blood

Front 217

Glycogen

Back 217

An animal starch; produced from sugar by the liver

Front 218

Homeostasis

Back 218

State of equilibrium (constancy) of the body's internal environment

Front 219

Hormonal

Back 219

Pertaining to hormones

Front 220

Hypokalemia

Back 220

Low levels of potassium in the blood

Front 221

Prolactin

Back 221

Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that promotes the growth of breast tissue and stimulates milk production

Front 222

Myxedema

Back 222

Condition of mucous-like swelling of the face and soft tissues; due to hypo secretion of the thyroid gland in adults

Front 223

Hyponatremia

Back 223

Blood condition of deficiency in sodium

Front 224

Hypophysectomy

Back 224

Removal of the pituitary gland

Front 225

Somatotropin

Back 225

Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland; stimulates growth of bones and tissues (growth hormone)

Front 226

Steroid

Back 226

An organic (containing carbon) compound with a ring structure; bile acids, vitamin D, certain hormones

Front 227

Oxytocin

Back 227

Hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates childbirth

Front 228

Thyrotoxicosis

Back 228

Condition of increased secretion from the thyroid gland with symptoms such as sweating, rapid pulse, tremors, and exophthalmos

Front 229

Antidiuretic hormone

Back 229

Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; causes water to be retained in the body

Front 230

Glucagon

Back 230

Hormone from the pancreas that "assembles" sugar from starch and increases blood sugar when it is low

Front 231

Hypoglycemia

Back 231

Low levels of sugar in blood

Front 232

Epinephrine

Back 232

Hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla; raises blood pressure

Front 233

Adrenocorticotropin

Back 233

Hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates the adrenal cortex to release its hormones

Front 234

Glycosuria

Back 234

Condition of sugar in the urine

Front 235

Euthyroid

Back 235

Normal thyroid function

Front 236

Hyperkalemia

Back 236

High levels of potassium in blood

Front 237

Hypoinsulinism

Back 237

Low levels of insulin

Front 238

Oxytocin

Back 238

Hormone from the neurohypophysis that stimulates childbirth

Front 239

Panhypopituitarism

Back 239

Condition of deficient secretion of all hormones from the pituitary gland

Front 240

Tetraiodothryonine

Back 240

Thyroid gland hormone containing 4 atoms of iodine; thryoxine

Front 241

Triiodothryonine

Back 241

Thyroid gland hormone containing 3 atoms of iodine