Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the leading cause of death and disease in the United States ? |
CAD, where arteries narrow from plaques which partially or totally occlude the coronary artery vasculature |
|
What is the usual cause of AMI? |
The coronary arteries develop a thrombus or blood clot formation at a site of ruptured or narrow plaque which leads to acute symptoms of CP (angina) , hypotension , and dysfunction of the heart . Treatment is directed at reopening the artery and medical or surgical stabilization . |
|
What are the risk factors for coronary artery disease that cannot be modified ? |
Gender ( males, higher risk), family history of heart disease , and increasing age . |
|
A med-surg nurse is discharging a patient who was diagnosed and treated from heart attack . What are the risk factors for coronary artery disease that can be modified or treated to decrease this disease? |
Diet( lower fat , salt), hypertension, diabetes, cigarette smoking , sedentary lifestyle , high levels of triglycerides , and low- density lipoprotein, and stress level ( type A personality carries higher risk |
|
What is the number one cause of preventable death in the United States? |
Cigarette smoking. A med-surg nurse , who convinces and assists their patients to stop smoking , does a tremendous service for the patient and their family |
|
What is the most common symptom of aortic dissection? |
Interscapular back pain. Classically, is a sharp , tearing , severe pain |
|
What side effect is expected too rapid an infusion of procainamide ? |
Hypotension. Other side effects include : myocardial depression , QRS/QT prolongation , V-fib-and Torsade de pointes |
|
What are the adverse drug effects of lidocaine ? |
Drowsiness, nausea, vertigo, confusion , ataxia, tinnitus , muscle twitching , respiratory depression , and psychosis . ECG changes may be seen also |
|
When is Dobutamine used in CHF? |
Potent inotrope with some vasodilation activity , used when heart failure is not accompanied by severe hypotension , Dobutamine decreases afterload and increases contractility |
|
When is Dopamine selected in CHF? |
Vasoconstrictor and positive inotrope , is used to increase cardiac output , especially of Shock is present |
|
Key questions a med surg nurse should ask patients regarding family history of cardiovascular disorders ? (5) |
Hypertension, coronary artery disease , vascular disease , sudden death ( arrhythmia ), or hyperlipidemia |
|
What is sinus tachycardia ? |
Heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute and every QRS complex follows a P wave |
|
What is sinus bradycardia ? |
Heart rate less than 60 beats per minute and every QRS complex follows a P wave |
|
How is Atrial flutter treated? |
Initiate A-V nodal blockade with B- adrenergic or calcium channel blockers or with digoxin. If necessary , in a stable patient , attempt chemical cardioversion with a class IA agents such as procainamide or quinidine after digitalization .if such treatment fails, or if patient is unstable and requires immediate electrocardioversion, do so with 25-50J. Sedation should be considered prior to electrical cardioversion . |
|
What are the causes of atrial fibrillation ? (10) |
Hypertension, rheumatic heart disease, pneumonia , thyrotoxicosis and ischemic heart disease are common causes . Pericarditis , ETOH intoxication , PE, CHF, and COPD are other causes |
|
How is atrial fibrillation treated ? |
If patient is stable, then control a fast ventricular rate with diltiazem bolus and/or IV infusion . Consider digitalis , and if indicated , convert with procainamide , quinidine , or verapamil. Synchronized cardioversion at 100-200 J in an unstable patient requiring cardioversion . In a stable patient with afib or unclear duration , anticoagulation for 2-3 weeks should be considered prior to chemical or electrical cardioversion in order to decrease the chance of an embolic stroke or other embolic problem . |
|
What are some causes of SVT? |
SVT May be due to digitalis toxicity (25% of digitalis induced arrhythmia ), pericarditis , MI, COPD, preexcitation syndromes , mitral valve prolapse , rheumatic heart disease , pneumonia , drug and alcohol abuse |