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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
cerebrum
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Thinking, personality, sensations, movements, memory
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Thalamus
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Relay station for sensory impulses; pain
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Hypothalamus
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Body temperature, sleep, appetite, emotions, control of pituitary gland
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Cerebellum
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Coordination of voluntary movements and balance
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Pons
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Connection of nerves (to the eyes and face)
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Medulla Oblongata
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Never fibers cross over, left to right and right to left; contains centers to regulate heart, blood vessels, and respiratory system
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Acetylcholine
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Neurotransmitter chemical released at the ends (synapses) of nerve cells
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Afferent nerves
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Carry messages toward the brain and spinal cord (sensory nerves)
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Arachnoid membrane
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Middle layer of the three membranes (meninges) that surround the brain and spinal cord
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Astrocyte
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A type of glial (neurologic) cell that transports water and salts from capillaries
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Autonomic nervous system
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Nerves that control involuntary body functions of muscles, glands, and internal organs
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Axon
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Microscopic fiber that carries the nervous impulse along a nerve cell
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blood-brain barrier
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Blood vessels (capillaries) that selectively let certain substances enter the brain tissue and keep other substances out
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Brainstem
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Lower portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord. The pons and the medulla oblongata are part of the brainstem
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Cauda Equina
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Collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord
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Cell Body
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Part of a nerve cell that contains the nucleus
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Central Nervous System (CNS)
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Brain and spinal cord
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Cerebellum
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Posterior part of the brain that coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance
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Cerebral Cortex
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Outer region of the cerebrum; containing sheets of nerve cells; gray matter of the brain
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Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
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Fluid that circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord
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Cerebrum
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Largest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscular activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought, and memory
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Cranial Nerves
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Twelve pairs of nerves that carry messages to and from the brain
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Dendrite
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Microscopic branching fiber of a nerve cell that is the first part to receive the nervous impulse
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Dura Mater
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Thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord (Latin for hard mother)
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Efferent Nerves
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Carry messages away from the brain and spinal cord; motor nerves
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Ependymal Cell
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A glial cell that lines membranes within the brain and spinal cord and helps form cerebrospinal fluid
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Ganglion
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Collection of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system
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Glial cell (neuroglial cell)
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Cell in the nervous system that is supportive and connective in function. Examples are astrocytes, microglial cells, ependymal cells, and oligodendrocytes
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Gyrus
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Sheet of nerve cells that produces a rounded fold on the surface of the cerebellum; convolution
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Hypothalamus
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Portion of the brain beneath the thalamus; controls sleep, appetite, body temperature, and secretions from the pituitary gland
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Medulla Oblongata
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Part of the brain just above the spinal cord; controls breathing, heartbeat, and the size of blood vessels; nerve fibers cross over here
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Meninges
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Three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord
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Microglial cell
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Phagocytic glial cell that removes waste products from the central nervous system
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Motor nerves
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Carry messages away from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs; efferent nerves
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Myelin sheath
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White fatty tissue that surrounds, and insulates the axon of a nerve cell. Myelin speeds impulse conduction along axons
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Nerve
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Macroscopic cordlike collection of fibers (axons and dendrites) that carry electrical impulses
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Neuron
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Nerve cell that carries impulses throughout the body
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Neurotransmitter
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Chemical messenger, released at the end of a nerve cell. It stimulates or inhibits another cell, which can be a nerve cell, muscle, or gland cell. Examples of neurotransmitters are acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin
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Oligodendroglial cell
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Glial cell that forms the myelin sheath covering axons. Also called oligodendrocyte
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Parasympathetic nerves
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Involuntary, autonomic nerves that regulate normal body functions such as heart rate, breathing, and muscles of the gastrointestinal tract
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Parenchyma
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Essential, distinguishing tissue of the nervous system; includes the brain and spinal cord. This is to distinguish it from surrounding tissues, such as the meninges
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Peripheral nervous system
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Nerves outside the brain and spinal cord; cranial, spinal, and autonomic nerves
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Pia Mater
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Thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges
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Plexus
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Later, interlacing network of nerves. Examples are lumbosacral, cervical and brachial (brachi/o means arm) plexuses. The term originated from the Indo-European plek meaning to weave together
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Pons
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Part of the brain anterior to the cerebellum and between the medulla and the rest of the midbrain (Latin pons means bridge). It is a bridge connecting various parts of the brain
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Receptor
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Organ that receives a nervous stimulation and passes it on to nerves within the body. The skin, ears, eyes, and taste buds are receptors
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Sciatic Nerves
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Nerve extending from the base of the spine down the thigh, lower leg, and foot. Sciatica is pain or inflammation along the course of the nerve
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Sensory nerves
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Carry messages to the brain and spinal cord from a receptor; afferent nerves
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Spinal nerves
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Thirty-one pairs of nerves arising from the spinal cord. Each spinal nerve affects a particular area of the skin
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Stimulus
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Agent of change (light, sound, touch) in the internal or external environment that evokes a response
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Stroma
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Connective and supporting tissue of an organ. Glial cells are the stromal tissue of the brain
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Sulcus
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Depression or groove in the surface of the cerebral cortex; fissure
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Sympathetic Nerves
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Autonomic nerves that influence bodily functions involuntarily in times of stress
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Synapse
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Space through which a nervous impulse is transmitted from one neuron to another or from a neuron to another cell, such as a muscle or gland cell
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Thalamus
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Main relay center of the brain. It conducts impulses between the spinal cord and the cerebrum; incoming sensory messages are relayed through the thalamus to appropriate centers in the cerebrum
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Vagus Nerve
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Tenth cranial nerve; its branches reach to the larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, aorta, esophagus, and stomach.
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Ventricles of the brain
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Canals in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid
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Cerebell/o
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Cerebellum
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Cerebellar
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Cerebell-cerebellum
ar-pertaining to |
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cerebr/o
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Cerebrum
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Cerebrospinal fluid
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Cerebr-cerebrum
spin-spine al-pertaining to |
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Cerebral cortex
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Cerebr-cerebrum
al-pertaining to Cortical means pertaining to the cortex or outer area of an organ |