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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
goal
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something that a person is striving to accomplish
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moderately difficult
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of easy, moderately difficult, and very difficult, the goals which will most increase motivation
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participation in a goal setting; enhance credibility of person setting goal, provide rewards for goal completion
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any two ways, other than adjusting difficulty, to increase goal acceptance
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implementation intention
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this is a plan for reaching a goal
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operate
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registration for classes represents this letter in the TOTE model
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Test
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what “T” stands for in the TOTE model
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personal strivings
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these are similar to lifetime goals and deal with intentions of how you will operate in the world
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specificity
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a goal to “study more” is unlikely to motivate due to its lack of this
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less intrinsically motivated; (negative)
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if personal strivings focus on extrinsic rewards, what is the impact on psychological well-being
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corrective motivation
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motivation force that causes you to reduce discrepancies
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efficacy expectations
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this is the perceived likelihood of having the ability to complete a task
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outcome expectations
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type of expectation shown here: if I study for 3 hours, I’ll get a B on the test
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high self-efficacy makes us chose moderate-high difficulty of tasks
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how does self-efficacy relate to the choices we make?
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past/personal perfomance history
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strongest determinant of efficacy expectation
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self-efficacy incorporates situational or environmental factors
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what is the difference between self-efficacy and efficacy expectations
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learned mastery
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the opposite of learned helplessness
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pessimisstic
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the explanatory style associated with learned helplessness
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motivational deficit
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the verbalization of “so why try?” is the prototypical expression of this deficit
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lack of contingency, cognition, passive behavior
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the three components of learned helplessness
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lack of contingency
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if running is associated with better race performance, this component of learned helplessness has been avoided
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self-schema
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these are domain-specific generalizations about ourselves
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self-discrepant feedback
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feedback information that is inconsistent with our self-schema
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possible self
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a potential future self
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ignore the feedback
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response to self-discrepant feedback when self-concept certainty is high
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convey our self-concept to others (self-presentation)
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the purpose served by symbols
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cognitive dissonance
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theory which states that people prefer consistency
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evaluation
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the E score stands for this in an EPA score
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post-decision regret
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after choosing between two attractive alternatives, cognitive dissonance results from this
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fundamental sentiment
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in Affect Control Theory, the terms for a culturally defined identity
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affective deflections
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in Affect Control Theory, motivation arises from these
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corrective: present vs ideal / discrepancy: difference btwn /
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Cognitive motivators: examples
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Test, Operate, Test, Exit; Plan; reaching for an ideal state;
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Plans: including the TOTE model and corrective motivation
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Goal: anything you are trying to accomplish
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Goals: define;
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difference btwn performance level and goal level
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goal-performance discrepancy;
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moderately difficult goals lead to best impact on performance
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effects on performance;
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perceived difficulty; participation in goal-setting process; credibility of person setting goal; tying goal to external rewards
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4 factors in goal acceptance;
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enhances performance not motivation; stress, opportunity for failures, low creativity and intrinsic motivation
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criticisms of goal-setting
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things you are trying to accomplish during your lifetime; extrinsically and avoidance oriented are bad
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Personal strivings: define; relation to happiness
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strategy or action plan for accomplishing goal; is process not goal itself; make contingency plans
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Implementation intentions: define; separating content from process; getting started and persisting
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regulating self and not being impulsive helps with goal-accomplishing
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Self-regulation
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estimation of whether you have ability to do something
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Efficacy expectations: define
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consequence you expect but not 100% certain
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Outcome expectations: define
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personal behavior history, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion, psychological state
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Self-efficacy: define, 4 determinants, 4 effects on behavior, empowerment
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psychological state in which person has experienced repeated failure feedback in a given situation and they view that as unpreventable; contingency, cognition, behavior
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Learned Helplessness: define, 3 components, 3 effects, relation to depression, explanatory style (define and two types), research on alternative explanations for helplessness (trauma, failure, unpredictability, depression), other criticisms
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psychological and behavioral attempt at reestablishing an eliminated or threatened freedom
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Reactance theory: define, describe how it works and when it occurs
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have motivation and ways to achieve; better performance
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Hope: causes, outcomes, high hope people descriptions
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self-acceptance, positive relations with others, autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, personal growth; discrepancy/cognitive dissonance
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Dimensions of Psych. well-being (6); three problems of self
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self-concept: mental representation of self; self-schema: cognitive generalizations about self learned from past experiences
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Self-concept and self-schemas: define and differentiate; possible selves
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elicit feedback consistent with self-schema; move present self toward possible self
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Motivational properties of self-schemas: consistent self, contradictory information, symbols, self-discrepant feedback, self-concept certainty, self-verification process
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inconsistent view of self
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Dissonance: define, assumptions, 5 actions taken to handle, 4 situations that cause; Selfperception theory: describe; accuracy
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evaluation, potency, activity; fundamental sentiment, transient impression, deflection
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Affect Control Theory: 3 constructs, 2 behaviors; self-verification theory-premise and reasons
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differentiation: expands self into complexitiy; integrationsynthesizes complexity into whole; internalization is incorporates external value
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Agency: define, role of intrinsic motivation; concepts of differentiation, integration, internalization, and self-discordance
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