Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
aromatic is any ________ system
|
unusually stable ring
|
|
aromatics are cyclic, ________ polyenes that have 4n +2 pi electr
|
conjugated
|
|
aliphatic are all compounds that?
|
are not aromatic
|
|
t or f
aromatic comp need to be planar |
t
|
|
huckels rule
|
4n+2 Pi electrons
n can be any nonneg integ |
|
t or f
neutr comp, anions, and cations can all be aromatic |
t
|
|
antiaromatic is a?
|
cyclic conjug polyene that has 4n electr.
its destabl |
|
a cyclic conj polyene that has 4n elect is?
|
destabilized
|
|
toluene is?
|
a benzene ring with ch3 attached
|
|
phenol is
|
a benzene ring with an oh gr
|
|
aniline is?
|
benzene with NH2 attached
|
|
anisole is?
|
benzene with OCH3 attach
|
|
benzene with OCH3 attach is?
|
anisole
|
|
benzene with CH3 attach is?
|
toluene
|
|
aromatic compd are called?
|
aryl, or arenes
|
|
Ar represents?
|
aromatic comp
|
|
aliphatic comp are called?
|
alkyl
|
|
aliphatic comp are repres by?
|
R
|
|
when the benzene gr is a subst its called?
|
phenyl group
|
|
a toluent molec subst at methyl posit is?
|
benzyl
|
|
benzyl refers to?
|
a toluene molec subst at methyl posit
|
|
susbst benzene rings
1,2 disubst is called? |
ortho
|
|
benezene
1,3 disubst is called |
meta, m
|
|
benzene
1,4 disubst comp is called? |
para,p
|
|
name 4 examples of polycyclic and heterocyclic aromatic compd
|
napthalene
anthracene pyridine pyrrole |
|
pyridine
the nonbond electr pair of the n is in a nitrog __________ orbital |
sp2
|
|
pyridine
the nonbond electr pair of the N is in an sp2 orbital that is oriented how ? |
perp to the p orbitals around the ring and is not involv in the conjug pi system
|
|
pyridine is
acidic basic |
pyrid is basic
|
|
T or F
pyrrole is acidic |
T
|
|
Pyrrole
the lone pair onthe pyrrole nitrogen is locked into? |
ring struct
|
|
T or F
the phys prop of arom comp are simil to oth hydrocarbons |
t
|
|
aromaticity greatly affects the ____________ prop
|
chemic
|
|
benzene
the rings six pi orbit overlap to ? |
delocal the electr density
|
|
benzene
all six c are ______________ hybridized |
sp2
|
|
the delocal electrons form a
|
"pi electr cloud"
|
|
benzene
the pi electr clouds are locat? |
above and below the ring
|
|
benzene is relativ?
|
unreact
|
|
most imp react of aromatic comp is?
|
electroph aromatic subst
|
|
electr aromatic subst
an electrophile replaces a? |
proton to prod a subst aromatic compd
|
|
most common examples of electrophilic arom subst?
|
halogenation
sulfonation nitration acylation |
|
electr aromat subst
halogenation arom ring react with _____________ in presence of __________ |
br, cl
in pres of lewis acid like FeCL3, FeBr3, AlCl3 |
|
Name 3 lewis acids
|
FeCl3, FeBr3, AlCl3
|
|
FeCl3, FeBr3, and AlCl3 are all?
|
lewis acids
|
|
Elec ar sub
why is react w fl and I not useful? |
fl - multisubst
I- not react enough, needs spec condit |
|
elect ar sub
halogenation react with I needs? |
special conditions
|
|
bezene + Br2 ----> monosubst benzene ring
what are reagents? |
FeBr3, heat
|
|
electr arom subst
Sulfonation what are reagents? |
fuming sulfuric acid (SO3/H2SO4)
|
|
SO3 is?
|
sulfor trioxide
|
|
H2SO4 is
|
sulfuric acid
|
|
benzene --------> sulfonic acid
what are reagents? |
SO3/H2SO4, heat
|
|
arom electr subst
sulfonation end result is a ? |
benzene ring with a SO3H on it.
|
|
ar electr subst
nitration what are the reagents? |
nitric and sulfuric acids
|
|
nitration
a mixt of nitric and sulfuric acids is used to create? |
NO2+
|
|
NO2+ is used in ?
|
nitration
|
|
t or f
NO2+ is a strong ? |
electrophile
|
|
benzene with reagents H2SO4 and HNO3 yields?
|
a benzene ring with NO2 on it.
|
|
acylation is also called?
|
friedel-crafts reactions
|
|
CH3(C=O)Cl is used for?
|
acylation
friedal- crafts reactions |
|
in acylation (friedayl crafts reaction) a __________ in incorportated into the aromatic ring
|
acyl group
|
|
what catalyzes the acylation of an arom compound?
|
lewis acid
|
|
t or f
lewis acid like AlCl3 can be used in acylation |
t
|
|
friedal crafts acylation and _______________ can occur
|
alkylation
|
|
why is friedal crafts alkylation not useful?
|
bec the prod are attacked faster than the starting material
|
|
aromatic
subst effects dep on ? |
gr tends to donate or withdraw electr dens
and how it does so |
|
substit effect what are the 3 categories?
|
1. activat- ortho/para direct
2. deactiv- ortho/para direct 3. deact- meta direct subst |
|
subst effects
activating ortho/para direct subst are ___________ donating |
electron
|
|
NH2, NR2, OH, NHCOR, OR, OCOR, and R are?
|
activat, ortho para direct subst
|
|
what subst are activ , ortho/para direct subst?
|
NH2, NR2, OH, NHCOR, OR, OCOR, and R.
|
|
activat , ortho/para direct substit are electr?
|
donating
|
|
NH2, NR2, OH, NHCOR, OR, OCOR, and R have what kind of subst effect?
|
activ, ortho, para
|
|
F,CL, Br, and I do what as subst effect?
|
deact, ortho/para direct
|
|
t or f
f,cl, br, and I are weakly electr withdraw |
t
|
|
subst eff
NH2 is? |
activ, ortho/para direct
|
|
subst eff
what are activ, ortho/para dir subst? |
NH2, NR2, OH, NHCOR, OR, OCOR, and R
|
|
subst eff
NHCOR? |
activ, ortho/para direct
|
|
NO2, SO3H, and carbonyl compounds have what subst eff?
|
deact, meta direct
electr withdrawing |
|
what subst are deact, meta direct subst?
|
NO2, SO3H, COOH, COOR, COR, and CHO
|
|
CHO has what subst eff?
|
deact, meta direct
|
|
subst eff
activat are ___________ directing |
ortho/para
|
|
halogens are exceptions, alth they are e- withdraw and deactiv, they are?
|
ortho/para directors
|
|
toluene
electr arom subst the methyl gr will direct towards? |
ortho/para
|
|
benzene can be reduced by?
|
catalyic hydrogenation w/high press and temp
ruthenium, rhodium on carbon are used. |
|
H2, Rh/C, 100 C will be used for?
|
reduction of benzene
|