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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
transmission of a message from a source to a reciever
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basic definition of communication
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4 types of communication
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interpersonal, intrapersonal, group, mass
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the way a message is sent out
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encoding
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the interpretatin of a message
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decoding
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concentration of media industries into a smaller number of companies
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oligopoly
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direspect of nations customs, values, and culture by far away companies
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diversity of expression issue
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narrowcasting, niche marketing, targeting, less of mass audience
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audience defragmentation
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groups of ppl bound by only an interest in a given form of media content
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taste publics
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rise in commercials
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hypercommercialism
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radio stations accepting payment for playing a company's record
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payola
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companies selling music, shows, movies online
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convergance
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a corporation dealing in multiple businesses
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synergy
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the era in ML where language was local and specialized, history was handed down orally and memory was key
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oral cultures
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allowed history to be written down
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invention of writing
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social and cultural rules and structures changed, meaning in language more uniform, no longer local, political and military expansion occured power was with literacy
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Literate culture
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invented in 1446; movable metal type; allowed ppl to have books, become literate, helped sped up rise of democracy; gave regular ppl powerful voice
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Gutenberg Press
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the media deciding what issued people think about by what is reported
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agenda setting
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looking at content of media
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content analysis
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wrote the book public opinion about where issues came from and how public opinion is formed in 1927
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Walter Litman
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the idea of guarding what came in and out of the public info bank evolved in 1947
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gate keeping
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in 1950 he studied 'mr. gate' and looked at why he put certain stories in the paper
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David Manning White
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looked at the influence that gatekeeping had on audience; used content analysis and surveys; found issues in paper were more impor for audience; 1972
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Macoums and Shaw
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the idea that ppl remember what they last read and saw in a shorter period of time better than longer ago
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6 week span
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studied how the media orientes you to environment; especially in political elections; you recall more; 1973
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Macoums and Weaver
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in 1980 looked at influence on the gate keeper himself; who influences him?
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whitney and becker
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in 1987 studied local newspapers and saw that not all issued in paper were on agenda for all people
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smith
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looked at news watchers attentiveness of media in 1985; individual concerns more imp than local or widespread ones
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Hill, Bayer, Inger
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3 and a half year study on media and found that most recent news had highest importance on people's radar in 1989
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Eden
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explanations and predicatinos of social phenomenon that attempts to relate mass comm to various aspects of out personal and cultural lvies or social systems
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mass communications
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the theory that deals with cultivation analysis; by george gerbner in 1960's ; it is a meaning theory
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cultivation theory
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a modeling theory that says ppl model their behavior after what they see on media
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social cognitive learning theory
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theory that attitude toward something can shape our behavior regarding it
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attitude change theory
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states when people are confronted by news or conflicing info they experience mental discomfort
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dissonance theory
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if media have any imapct it is in the direction of reinforcement
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reinforcement theory
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says ppl become more and more dependant on media to understand the world around them
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dependency theory
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the theory that media operate to justidy and support the status quo at the expence of ordinary ppl
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critical culture theory
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says ppl are oppressed by those who control the mass media
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neo marxist theory
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centered in neomarxism and sees the consumption of art as a way to better lives
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frankfurt school of media theory
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provided a home for feminist research
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british cultural theory
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people who share culture also share meaning
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social construction of reality
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collections of meaning assigned to some situations
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typification schemes
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the idea that media would have an immediate effect on people exposed to it
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hypodermic needle theory
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lazereld's idea that not everyone gets info from media but the public opinion leaders are effected
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two-step flow
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having no real life expereince with someone or something but have been exposed by media
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exposed vicariously
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people expose themselve only to messages consistent with preexisting beliefs
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selective exposure
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ppl remember what is consistent with preexisting beliefs
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selective retention
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ppl interpret messages in a manner that is consistent with preexisting beliefs
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selective perecpetion/interpretation
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claims that media doesnt to things to ppl, but ppl do thing with media; influence depends on how ppl allow it and this stresses the recirocal nature of mass comm
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uses and gratification approach
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asserts that media must remain free of government control but must also serve the public; accpet and fulfill certain obligations and set high standards of prof, truth, accuracy and objectivity
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social responsibility theory
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explains how media should ideally operate
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normative theories
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stations that operate from outside the region they transmit
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exogenous stations
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stations operating from inside the region they transmit
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indigenous stations
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illegally operated stations; some have become powerful and subsidized by companies
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pirated stations
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coordinated ownership and operations of american satellite communications system;
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comsat; communications satelite corp
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concept used in great britain; recognizes that no completely free media system exists and that the government ensures media meet responsibilities
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western concept of media
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3rd world; honduras; says gov't and media work together to ensure media assists in the development of a country; content designed to meet needs
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development concept of media
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poland; has 4 aims: 1) ending government monopoly over info 2) help organization of opposition 3) destroy legitamacy of current government 4) bring down standing goverenment
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revolutionary concept of media
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communism; china; subjection of media for serving government
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authoritive concept of media
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invasion of an indeginous ppl's culture by powerful foreign countries by mass media
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cultural imperialism
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make an effort to understand content, pay attention and filter out noise; understand and respect power of media; know emotional from reasoned reactions
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3 steps of media literacy
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expect more of media content; know genre conventions; think critically about media messagesl know internal languages
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4 more steps of media literacy
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encoder---message----decoder
interpreter interpreter decoder---message----encoder |
osgood and schramm's model of communication
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source sends message
through medium to a receiver producing an effect |
lasswell's model of communication
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"is a symbolic process whereby reality is produced, maintained, repaired, and transferred"
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james carey's defintion of communication
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where copyrighted material may be used w/o the permission or payment
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fair use
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the philosophy that people cannot govern themselves in a democracy unles they have access to the info they need for that governance
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libertarian
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in great briain; an officially issued notice of prior restraint
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D-notice
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limits on advertising and other public service requirments imposed on britain;s commericial broadcasters in exchange for the right to broadcast
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public service remit
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released in 1980 by United Natins Edu, Sci, Cultural org. and called for the est. of a new world info order; rejected by western nations
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MacBride report
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a special division of VOA established by Reagan to broadcast into communist cuba
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Radio Marti
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broadcast to all of the communist bloc eastern european countries during the cold war
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radio free europe
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aimed at listeners in the soviet union
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Radio Liberty
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same concept as radio free europe only in asia
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radio free asia
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originally built on premise that broadcasting was a public trust (social responsibility model); limits government control and commercials
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BBC
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1)define situation
2)Identidy values 3)Identify principles 4)choose your loyalties |
potters box of ethical decision making
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principles to consider when making ethical decisions
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truth and honesty
privacy and confidentiality personal conflict of interests and profit social responsibilities protection from offensive content |