Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Estuary
|
A semi-enclosed coastal body of water, which has a free connection to the open sea, and within which sea water is measurably diluted with fresh water derived from land drainage
- Pritchard 1967 |
|
Habitats
|
Salt marshes and mangroves
Sand dunes and beaches Sea grass beds Coral Reefs Pelagic Realm Oceanic Benthos Hard Substrate |
|
Types of Estuaries
|
Drowned river valleys
Bar-built estuaries Fjord-type estuaries Tectonic estuaries |
|
Marine Ecology
|
Biological processes and functions of marine organisms as mediated by biological, geological, physical, and chemical aspects of their environment
|
|
Ecology
|
Interrelationships between environment and biota (populations and communities)
|
|
Diversity
|
biotic communities and their classification, organization, structure, origin, and evolution
|
|
Biota
|
the animals, plants, fungi, etc. of a region or period
|
|
Marine Biota
|
Distribution directly affected by abiotic environment (as well as terrestrial environment)
-study abiotic factors |
|
Chemical Abiotic Factors
|
Water, pH, Salinity, Nutrients, Dissolved Gasses
|
|
Physical Abiotic Factors
|
Light, Temperature, Pressure, Tides, Currents, Waves, Air Exposure
|
|
Geological Abiotic Factors
|
Substratum Type - sediment vs. rock
Substratum Motion - constant vs. static Substratum Origin/Age - ephemeral vs. relative permanence |
|
Biotic Levels of Organization Hierarchial - levels of interaction with the environment
|
Individual
Populations (Species) Communities Ecosystems Biosphere |
|
Populations
|
all of one species in an area defined by a common gene pool
|
|
Species
|
all populations of individuals that can potentially produce fertile offspring
|
|
Communities
|
populations of species in a given area - named for iconic dominant plats (i.e. sea grass beds house more than just sea grass)
|
|
Deme
|
A local population of organisms of the same kind, especially one in which the genetix mix is similar throughout the group
- even chance of mating to take place between individuals |
|
Ecosystem
|
many communities, larger scale
|
|
Biosphere
|
all organisms living in the thin layer of crust and atmosphere of the Earth
|
|
Ecological Niche
|
abstract; how organisms relate to environment
|
|
Habitat
|
physical place where an organism lives
|
|
Fundamental vs. Realized Niche
|
Sdlfjaoeifjasdf
|
|
Density - dependent
|
Anything that changes in the way of an organism's reproductive capacity
Ex: disease could be spread easier, competition over food and mates, predation |
|
Density - independent
|
Change in tolerance
|
|
What does it take to complete an Ecosystem?
|
Source of energy
Primary producers Consumers Nutrient cycles |
|
Basic ecosystems in marine environment
|
Estuary
Continental Shelf (up to 150 miles offshore) Open Ocean ( >150 miles offshore) |
|
Ecosystem Concept - Attributes to a self-sustaining ecosystem
|
Source of energy
Primary producers Consumers Nutrient cycles |
|
Marine Zonation
|
Benthic - sediments, substrata, ocean bottom
Pelagic - open waters, water column |
|
Benthic Zone
|
Littoral
Continental Shelf Continental Slope Abyssal Plain Hadal |
|
Benthic-Pelagic Coupling
|
interactions through material and energy
|
|
Pelagic Zone
|
Neretic - nearshore, usual very productive coastal zone
Oceanic - offshore, relatively non-productive Epipelagic - top 150m - photic zone above c. shelf Mesopelagic - 150-1000m - aphotic, above shelf &slope Bathypelagic - 1000-4000m - aphotic, above l.c. slope Abyssal pelagic - 4000-6000m -aphotic, above a. plain |
|
Littoral Zone
|
Supratidal - above high tide, rarely affected by salt spray
Intertidal - between high and low tide lines Subtidal - below low tide line, always submerged |
|
Salinity Zonation (Venice System)
|
Oligohaline - 0.5-5ppt (mostly freshwater)
Mesohaline - 5-18ppt (brackish) Polyhaline - 18-30ppt (brackish) Euhaline - 30-40ppt (saltwater) |
|
Halocline
|
region of rapid change in salinity (c.f. thermocline, pycnocline)
|
|
Eury
|
refers to organisms that are able to tolerate large changes in conditions, adapted to less stable environment (euryhaline, eurythermal) - more estuarine
|
|
Steno
|
refers to organisms that are unable to tolerate large changes in conditions, adapted to constant environment (stenohaline, stenothermal) - more oceanic
|
|
Primary Producers
|
Phytoplankton
Benthic algae (microphytobenthos) Macroalgae Symbiotic producers (i.e. coral) Angiosperms (emergent and submergent) |