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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
gametes
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sex cells, produced by each parent
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zygote
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fertilized egg combination of both parents
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Primary sex organs
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produce gametes (testes or ovaries)
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Secondary sex organs
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organs other than the gonads that are necessary for reproduction male (system of ducts, glands)
female reproductive (uterine tubes, uterus and vagina) |
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external genitalia
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located in the perineum most are externally visable
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x
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carries sperm fetilizes the egg female
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y
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carrying sperm fertilizes the egg male
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gubernaculum
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a connective tissue cord extends from the gonad to the floor of the pelvic cavity
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inguinal hernia
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most common site of herniation in boys and men
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cryptorchidism
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boys born with undescended testes
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scrotum
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pouch of skin muscle and fibrous connective tissue containing testes
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spermatic cord
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bundle of fibrous connective tissue containing the ductus deferens, blood and lymphatic vessels and testicular nerve
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cremaster muscle
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strips of the internal abdominal oblique muscle
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testies
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combined endorcine and exocrine gland that produce sex hormones and sperm
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Tunica albuginea
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white fibrous capsule on testes
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seminiferous tubules
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sperm production, each tubule lined with thick germinal epithelium for sperm generation
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intersitital (Leydig) cells
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bettween tubules produce testosterone
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sustenacular (sertoli) cells
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protect germ cells and promote their development, cells depend on them for nutrients and waste removal growth factors and other needs
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Efferent ductules
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12 small ciliated ducts collecting sperm from rete testes and transports to epididymis
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Ductus (vas) deferens
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muscular tube passing up from scrotum through inguinal canal to posterior surface of bladder
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Gonadotropin Realsing hormone GnRH
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Screte follicle stimulating hormone FSH
Luteinizing hormone |
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Sprematogenesis
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process of sperm production in seminferous tubules
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Mitosis
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a body cell doubles its DNA and then divides to produce two genetically identical daughter cells
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Meiosis
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produces four gametes (haploid cells) each with only half the DNA of the diploid body cells
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Prostate
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produces a thin milky fluid contains calcium citrate and phosphate ions
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Female reproductive system
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Produces delivers gametes
provides nutrition and safe harbor for fetal developement give birth nourishes infant |
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Ovaries
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Female gonads that produce egg cells and sex hormones
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ovulation
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bursting of the follicle and realeasing the egg
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Uterus
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thick muscular chamber that opens into roof of the vagina
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Lumen
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is roughly triangular upper two corners openings to uterine tube
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Cervical canal
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connects lumen to vagina
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internal os
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superior opening of canal into body of uterus
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external os
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inferior opening of canal into vagina
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cervical glands
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secerte mucus that prevents spread of microorganisms from vagaina into uterus
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perimtrium
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external serosa layer
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myometrium
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middle muscular layer
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endometrium
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inner mucosa
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stratum fuctionalis
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superficial half shed each menstrual period
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stratum basalis
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deep layer, stays behind and regenerates a new stratum functionalis with each menstrual cycle
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metaplasia
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the transformation of one tissue type to another
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mons pubis
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mound of fat over pubic symphysis bearing most of pubic hair
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labia majora
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pair of thick folds of skin and adipose tissue inferior to the mons
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labia minora
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medial to labia majora are thin hairless folds
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mammary gland
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developes within the breast during pregnacy
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system of ducts
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branching through fibrous stroma and converging on the nipple
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FSH
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stimulates developing ovarian follicles and they begin to secrete estrogen, progesterone, and small amount of androgen
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Estrogens
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feminizing hormones with widespread effects on the body
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thelarche
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onset of breast developement is the earilest noticeble sign of puberty
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Pubarche
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apperance of pubic and axillary hair, subaceous glands and axillary glands
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menarche
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first menstrual peroid
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estradiol
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stimulates vaginal metaplasia, stimulates a surge of LH and lesser spike of FSH by anterior pituitary
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proesterone
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primarily acts on the uterus preparing for possible pregnancy second half of the menstrual cycle
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climacteric
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midlife change in hormone secretion menopause cessation of menstruation
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Mensturation
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occurs during first 3 to 5 days of cycle
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corpus luteum luteal phase
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stimulates endometrial secretion and thickening
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ovarian cycle
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follicular phase, ovulation, and luteal phase
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follicular phase
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extends from beginning of menstruation until ovulation
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Human chronionic gonadotropin (HCG)
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secreted by blastocyst and placenta stimulates growth of corpus luteum
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Posterior pituitary Oxytocin
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promotes labor in two ways, directly stimulates muscles of myometrium, stimulates fetal membranes to produce prostaglandins
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Positive feedback theory of labor
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stretching of cervix, triggers a reflex contraction of uterine body
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