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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What are the three major branches of epidemiologic studies and what is the filtering criteria?
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Exposure assigned /manipulated by researcher? If YES then Experimental/ Quasi Experimental route. If NO then observational. Was there randomization? If YES then experimental if NO then Quasi.
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Put the following in order from weakest to strongest study design.
case-control, case report, case series, cohort, cross-sectional,ecologic, experimental, quasi-experimental studies, surveillance, |
Weakest to strongest is: case report, case series, surveillance, ecologic, cross-sectional, case-control, cohort, quasi, experimental.
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What type of study is the weakest type of study reported but useful in the recognition & description of new diseases, & detection of drug side effects?
(a) case-control (b) case report (c) case series (d) ecologic |
(b) AND (c) !
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What observational study is comprised of ongoing systematic collection of data regarding diseases?
(a) case series (b) cohort (c) cross-sectional study (c) ecologic (d) surveillance |
(d) surveillance
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What observational study looks at unit of observation is a group of people rather than individuals
Group examples: school, factory, city, nation? (a) case series (b) cohort (c) cross-sectional study (d) ecologic (e) surveillance |
(d) Ecologic
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What type of observational study measures exposure & disease outcome simultaneously for each subject and provides a snapshot of a population at a given point in time?
(a) case series (b) cohort (c) cross-sectional study (c) ecologic (d) surveillance |
(c) cross sectional
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What type of observational study does this describe:
Trying to look at an association between an exposure and outcome. You are STARTING with an outcome and you look back in time to see what the exposure is. (a) case report (b) case-control (c) cross-sectional study |
(b) case control
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Defining characteristic of this study is that they track people forward in time from exposure to outcome. Often requires long follow-up period.
(a) case report (b) case series (c) cross-sectional (d) cohort (e) surveillance |
(d) cohort study (prospective)
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What kind of observational study design measures the exposure and outcome in the present?
(a) case control (b) cross-sectional (c) prospective cohort (d) retrospective cohort |
(b) cross sectional
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What type of observational study measures exposure in the present and follows to see outcome in future?
(a) case control (b) cross-sectional (c) prospective cohort (d) retrospective cohort |
(c) prospective cohort
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What type of observational study measures exposure in the past and what outcome occurs in the present?
(a) case control (b) cross-sectional (c) prospective cohort (d) retrospective cohort |
(d) retrospective cohort
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What type of observational study occurs when the outcome is measured in the present and upon that, each group's exposure is measured in the past?
(a) case control (b) cross-sectional (c) prospective cohort (d) retrospective cohort |
(a) case control
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What is A study in which the investigator assigns the exposure to the subjects, however the assignment is not done by a random process ?
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Quasi-experimental study.
Lack of randomization is QUITE PROBLEMATIC. Because even in the end, we're not quite sure if there are other alternatives to the explained outcome. |
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______ is a study in which an intervention (exposure) is deliberately introduced to observe its effects. These explore the effects of exposures that can be manipulated (e.g., type or dose of a medication).
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Experimental.
The investigator assigns exposure AND randomizes!! |
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This type of experimental study involves people who are healthy but at risk. Subjects do not come to a central location for treatment and are often visited at work, school or home.
(a) Cohort (b) Community Intervention (c) Cross sectional (d) Field Trial |
Field Trial
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With this type of experimental study, Intervention is assigned to communities rather than individual community members. Example: 3 communities are randomly assigned to receive water fluoridation, while 3 other communities are randomly assigned to no addition of fluoride to water.
(a) Community Intervention Trials (b) Randomized Clinical Trials |
Community Intervention Trials
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This experimental study is the gold standard for assessing the effectiveness of therapeutic agents.
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Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials
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