Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Representativesness:
|
Surveys/ Studies - ask if data is truly representative of the conclusion
|
|
Absolute numbers vs. percents
|
Confuses % with actual numbers:
5000 of people affected therefore the majority of people affected (50% of people could be more than 5000 unaffected) |
|
Scope shift
|
Evidence and conclusion don't match correctly
|
|
Necessity vs. sufficiency
|
The conditions to make something a necessary condition (if then) are reversed in the conclusion
|
|
Alternative explanations/ sources
|
Ignoring a plausible, logical explanation to the cause
|
|
Possibility vs. Certainty
|
Something is considered to maybe the cause is concluded to be the cause
|
|
One member vs. all members
|
something true of certain members is extrapolated for each member of the entire group
|
|
Individual members vs. group as whole
|
something true of certain members extrapolated for entire group or entire group sharing characteristic among each member
|
|
Lack of evidence = evidence against
|
"Absence of evidence, is not evidence of absence" - Rumsfeld
|
|
Inappropriate analogy
|
An analogy that is totally unrelated to the argument and therefore cannot be used as evidence to advance the conclusion
|