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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the four parts of the duodenum? |
Superior, descending, horizontal, ascending |
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The fibrous ligament that holds the duodenum in place is called |
The ligament of Trietz |
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What three substances are ingested but not digested? |
bile acid, water , salt |
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What is the difference between thin barium and thick barium? |
3:1 ratio-suspension ratio, there is more water in thin barium-lighter thin-96% thick 98% |
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when mixed with water, barium forms what? |
suspension |
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What is the purpose of administering air when performing air contrast GI or BE? |
move barium through the colon |
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Give three indications for using a water soluble iodinated contrast media |
perforation, blockage, allergies |
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How long does a patient need to be NPO for the following studies? |
UGI/Small Bowel-8-12 hrs BE-8-12 hrs low residue diet x3days |
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How much barium needs to be ingested for a small bowel series? |
16 oz...2 bottles |
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When does timing for the small bowel study begin? |
after the first bottle is ingested |
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Give two reasons to place the patient in the prone position for a small bowel series |
OID, spread out the bowel loops |
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What appearance does the small bowel have on barium studies? |
feathery |
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In the supine position air is located in which parts of the large intestine? |
cecum, transverse part of sigmoid, flexures |
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What two vitamins are produced by the bacterial action of the large intestine? |
B12 and vitamin K |
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List three contraindications for using laxatives in preparation for a BE. |
1.gross bleeding 2. severe diarrhea 3. obstruction 4. inflammatory lesion |
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How high above the level of the radiographic table ,just the barium be placed for a BE? |
18-24 inches |
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What is the preferred temperature for barium that is used in a BE? |
tepid or cold |
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In the left lateral deuce, what what walls of the intestine will barium be located? |
medial ascending lateral descending splenic flexure part of sigmoid |
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The RPO position for the BE demonstrates the ......flexure |
splenic |
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What kvp is used for single column studies(thin barium only)? |
110-120 |
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What kvp is used for double contrast studies (thick barium and air)? |
90-100 |
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What kvp is used for water-soluble iodinated contrast media..gastrografin, gastroview |
75-80 |
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The angle butterfly projection demonstrates what? |
sigmoid colon |
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In the AP projection of the angled sigmoid what is the tube direction and angle? |
30-40 cephalic |
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What position is used when inserting an enema tip? |
SIMS position |
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What are the three parts of the small bowel? |
duodenum, jejunum, ileum |
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Which part of the large intestine is located between the ascending and descending colon? |
transverse colon |
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The duodenum is divided into how many sections? |
4 |
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What position best demonstrates the hepatic flexure? |
LPO |
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Post evacuation radiographs are exposed with a kvp of what? |
80-85 |
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For the 15 min small bowel projection the CR is directed where? |
2 inches above the iliac crest and the midsagital plane..to visualize barium in the area of the fundus. |
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Which structure is the pouch-like part of the large intestine situated below the junction of the ileum and the colon? |
cecum |
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worm-like prominence off of the cecum? |
appendix vermiform |
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The small bowel series is considered complete when? |
when the barium reaches the Terminal ileum (TI) |
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How many degrees is the patient rotated for LPO /RPO |
35 -45 degrees |
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What are three purposes for the Scout projection for fluoroscopy studies? |
1. Technique 2. obvious pathology 3. Patient Prep |
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in RAO what flexure do you open? |
hepatic flexure |
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In LAO what flexure do you open? |
splenic flexure
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In the AP position where is barium located in the large intestine? |
Ascending, Descending, Rectum |
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In the AP position , where is air located? |
transverse, cecum, part of sigmoid |
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In the PA position where is air? |
rectum, and both flexures |
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In the PA position where is barium? |
lower portion of ascending and descending, part of cecum and transverse colon |
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Where does the large intestine begin? |
RLQ |
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In double contrast studies what projection is taken to demonstrate the rectum? |
Ventral Decube (cross-table rectum) prone |
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What is the terminal ileum? |
most distal part of the small intestine |
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What is haustra? |
band of muscle that form sacculations in large intestine |
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What is taenie coli? |
3 external band that form the hausfrau sacculations |
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What is Gastroenteritis? |
involved with the inflammation primarily in small intestine -may be caused by bacteria or protozoan or other environmental factors |
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What is Chrons disease? |
regional enteritis IBD commonly in terminal ileum . of unknown origin /cause |
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What is Giardiasis? |
common infection of lumen of small intestine. Caused by flagella protozoan. contaminated food or water |
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Adynamic ileus |
sleeping bowel-postop |
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Mechanical ileus |
partial or complete blockage-may be caused by tumors, adhesions or hernia |
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what is bezoar? |
food particles |
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Meckels Diverticulum |
birth defect yolk sac- outputting of intestinal wall |
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Neoplasm |
"new growth" benign or malignant common in jejunum and ileum. small lesions tend to grow submucously |
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Adenocarcinoma |
Malignant tumor of small intestine common in duodenum and proximal jejunum. |
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Sprue |
PKU-condition in which gastrointestinal tract is unable to process and absorb certain nutrients |
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Celiac disease |
Gluten allergy!- proximal small bowel |
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Whipple's disease |
deposits of fat in bowel wall |
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Diverticulum |
LLQ-outpouching of mucousal wall may result in herniation of inner wall of colon |
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Diverticulitis |
numerous diverticula become infected--my cause rectal bleeding |
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Diverticulosis |
numerous diverticula |
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Polyp |
inward projections-mushroom capstan be inflamed and cause bleeding-- Air contrast BE is performed |
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Volvulus |
twisting portion of intestine onto its mesentery |
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intusseption |
telescoping of intestine collapsing on itself. |
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Ulcerative colitis |
IBD coinlike ulcers chronic condition "cobblestone appearance |
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Why is the Sims position used for insertion of BE tips? |
relaxes abdominal muscles and decreases pressure in abdomen |
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What is the duodenum? |
C-loop, shortest and widest, "romance of the abdomen"most fixed portion of small bowel RUQ, also in LUQ |
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What is the name where the duodenum and jejunum meet? |
duodenojejunal flexure |
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What quadrant is the jejunum in primarily? |
LUQ, LLQ |
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What quadrant is the ileum primarily in? |
RUQ , RLQ, LLQ |
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What are the functions of the illeocecal valve? |
1.Acts a s a sphincter to prevent contents of the ileum from passing too quickly into the cecum 2. Prevents reflux, backward flow of large intestine contents into the ileum |
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At what level does the rectum reside? |
S3 |
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What is the rectal ampulla ? |
dilated portion rectum |
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What is the function of the small intestine? |
Digestion: 1. Chemical 2. Mechanical |
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What is the function of the duodenum and jejunum(primarily)? |
Absorption:Nutrients H20 , salts, proteins Reabsorption :h20, salts |
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what is the function of the Large Intestine? |
Some reabsorption and inorganic salts; vitamins b12 and K;amino acids Elimination-poop |
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What does the small intestine aid in? |
1. Peristalsis 2. Rhythmic segmentation |
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What does the large intestine aid in? |
1. Peristalsis 2. Haustral Churning 3. Mass Peristalsis 4. Defecation |
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Where is the Barium located in a LLD? |
lateral wall of descending has barium medial wall of ascending has barium |
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Where is Air located in a LLD? |
Medial wall of descending has air Lateral wall of ascending has air |
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Where is Barium in a RLD? |
Medial wall of descending has Barium Lateral wall of ascending has Barium |
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Where is Air in a RLD |
Medial wall of ascending has air Lateral wall of descending has air |
