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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Morphology
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The study of morphemes and how morphemes are combined to form words
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Morphemes
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The smallest, most basic meaning-bearing unit of language
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How are morphemes represented?
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In curly brackets
{cat} |
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How can morphemes be categorised?
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- Free Morphemes
- Bound Morphemes |
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Free Morpheme
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A free form that can occur unattached on it's own
(i.e. can be uttered and understood as a word) |
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Bound Morpheme
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A unit that cannot occur unattached on it's own
(i.e. must be attached to other forms) |
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How can bound morphemes be further classified?
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- Inflectional morpheme
- Derivational morpheme |
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What is the best know type of bound morpheme?
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Affix
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What are the five different types of affixes?
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- Suffix
- Prefix - Infix - Curcumfix - Reduplication |
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Suffix
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A morpheme at the end of the word
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Prefix
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A suffix at the start of the word
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Infix
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A morphemes inserted somewhere in the word, such as between the first consonant and the vowel
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Circumfix
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A prefix AND a suffix
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Reduplication
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Repeating the first syllable to indicate plurality
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Inflectional Morpheme
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- DO NOT change the meaning of the word, but only change the shape or form
- Mark grammatical distinctions such as grammar, tense, case, gender, number - Cannot participate in producing new lexemes |
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Derivational Morpheme
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- SUBSTANTIALLY change the meaning of the word
- Do not just change the shape or form, but the meaning - Produce or derive new lexemes (words) |
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Lexeme
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A distinct word
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Allolexes
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Allolexes of lexemes are just different realised forms or shapes of the same word
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What does an asterix indicate?
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That whatever follows is grammatically incorrect
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What are the 4 other ways to distinguish between inflectional and derivational morphemes?
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1. Syntactic Category
2. Compute Meaning 3. Productivity and Predictability 4. Ease of use |
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Syntactic Category
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- Inflectional = CANNOT change syntactic category
- Derivational = CAN/DOES change syntactic category |
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Compute Meaning
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- Inflectional = can compute meaning of word from meaning of root + meaning of morpheme
- Derivational = Not as easy to compute meaning of word from meaning of root + meaning of morpheme More learned or specialised meaning |
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Productivity and Predictability
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- Inflectional = such morphemes can be predicted as applying to the majority of words belonging to the same category
- Derivational = such morphemes are not easily predicted as to which word will take which form |
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Ease of use
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- Inflectional = not as easy to use freely or put into use with a new meaning
- Derivational = Come into use more easily in new ways |
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Allomorph
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Different realisation (shape/form) of a morpheme
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Complimentary Distribution
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When you have one you can't have the other
Depends on different environment |
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What are the four steps to morphemic analysis?
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1. Isolate morphemes
2. Identify their meanings 3. Recognise allomorphic distribution 4. Determine factors that have bearing on allomorphic distributions |